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The electron configuration of aluminium is 1s22s22p63s23p. The outer three electrons occupy three s2p hybrid orbitals that point in orthogonal directions. These electrons easily form covalent bonds, as in anhydrous AlCl3. This compound easily sublimates, showing that it is not ionic, and is partially hydrolyzed by water to release HCl gas. It cannot be formed by heating the hydrated form to drive off water. This only produces the oxide and HCl gas. It is now made commercially by heating aluminum oxide with carbon and chlorine. It is used in the refining of motor oil, and as a catalyst. Hydrated aluminium chloride is used as a personal deodorant. The acid environment it creates is unpleasant for microbes and mild enough to be non-irritating.

The spectroscopic ground state is 3s23p2 3P. The resonance line is at 396.15 nm, so the aluminium atom is not excited in the flame, and gives it no color. When the atom is excited, most of the lines are in the red or infrared. Aluminium is in column IIIA of the Periodic Table, which includes boron, aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium. Aluminium is the only common element in the group, and is considerably different from the others in physical and chemical properties. Boron is an acidic nonmetal, while gallium, indium and thallium are typical basic metals.

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Aluminum reacts with sulfuric acid.

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Q: What 5 chemical properties of aluminum?
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