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Among the steps were the establishment of daily prayers, study and reading of The Bible (torah) and study of the oral law. Rules were also set for a religious court of law and the resolution of interpersonal conflicts using recognized authorities as mediators.


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Actually, daily prayers go back MUCH further (Talmud, Berakhot 31a, quoting Psalms 55:18). Studying the Torah began in Moses' time (Deuteronomy 11:19) and included the Oral Law. Religious courts and their rules also go all the way back (Exodus ch.21-23).

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8y ago

1) After the end of prophecy (some 2350 years ago), the canon of the Tanakh was sealed by a special Sanhedrin (Rabbinical court). It was the same Sanhedrin which placed our prayers in their permanent form (Talmud, Berakhot 33a). The sealing of the canon ensured that Judaism would remain unified around one set of Books.
2) The Talmud was put in writing (around 500 CE) when it became too hard to be learned by heart. Putting it in writing made it available to all Jews worldwide.

3) The various Rabbinical decrees were enacted, mostly by the Men of the Great Assembly (4th century BCE). The purpose of every one of the decrees is to provide a "fence around the Torah," meaning to shore up something that can benefit from strengthening. An example: not handling electric appliances on the Sabbath, even if they are not connected to any electric socket.

4) When circumstances made it impossible, the New Moon was no longer proclaimed by testimony; rather, the fixed calendar was instituted (around 360 CE).

5) Certain fasts were instituted in connection with the Destruction of the Temple.
6) After the Destruction, the laws of sacrifices were suspended.
7) Purim and Hanukkah were instituted after the relevant events.

See also:

How did Jews maintain their beliefs during the diaspora?

Jewish history timeline

Was Judaism altered after the destruction of the Temple?

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Q: What steps did Jewish leaders take to assure that Judaism would survive the diaspora?
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