Plutons
Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and hardening of molten material called magma.
To increase the melting point of aluminium, (and treating this as a philosophical question), then hardening the 'crystal matrix' may be one approach. Surface hardening by work hardening, or perhaps by inserting nitrogen ions into the surface as is used in metal(ferrous) hardening.
The features that form as a result of magma of magma hardening beneath the earth's surface are volcanic necks,sills and batholiths.
surface cooling occours when a substance evaporates after taking sufficient heat from the body itself intended to be cooled, creates a sensation of cooling on the body. But in air conditioning the surface cooling, is one of the method of cooling, having different explanation.
when the hot lava cools deep inside the earth, it is called intrusive igneous rocks. when the hot lava cools on the surface of the earth, it is called extrusive igneous rocks.
Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and hardening of molten material called magma.
When magma cools slowly deep underground it produces a rock with larger crystals than when the magma (or lava) cools quickly near (or on) the surface.Rocks with the largest crystal structure are described as 'pegmatitic'.Rocks with crystals visible to the naked eye are described as 'phaneritic'.Rocks with no apparent crystal structure are called 'aphanitic'
in my opinion surface hardening is applied only on the surface while the true hardening is applied in the whole part of the metal....
Case hardening, also referred to as surface hardening is the process of hardening a surface of a metal. It is done by surfacing the metal surface with a layer of metal on top of it, in order to harden it.
Case hardening or surface hardening is the process of hardening the surface of a metal, often a low carbon steel, by infusing elements into the material's surface, forming a thin layer of a harder alloy.
H.C Child has written: 'Surface hardening of steel' -- subject(s): Heat treatment, Steel, Surface hardening
To increase the melting point of aluminium, (and treating this as a philosophical question), then hardening the 'crystal matrix' may be one approach. Surface hardening by work hardening, or perhaps by inserting nitrogen ions into the surface as is used in metal(ferrous) hardening.
The features that form as a result of magma of magma hardening beneath the earth's surface are volcanic necks,sills and batholiths.
The features that form as a result of magma of magma hardening beneath the earth's surface are volcanic necks,sills and batholiths.
surface cooling occours when a substance evaporates after taking sufficient heat from the body itself intended to be cooled, creates a sensation of cooling on the body. But in air conditioning the surface cooling, is one of the method of cooling, having different explanation.
Igneous rocks are one of the 3 main type of rocks, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of lava and magma. There are over 700 kinds of igneous rocks, and most are found beneath the surface of the Earth's crust.
Subsurface flows of the sun is the flow of h20 (water) beneaths Earths surface. It may aid the Suns 11 year old sunspot cycle. Also is carrying away anuglar momentum :)