Carbon dioxide and water
Carbon dioxide and water
Alveoli
No, blood is not transported through the alveoli. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the lungs and the blood vessels. Oxygen is taken in from the air and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood in the alveoli.
The capillary net rould the alveoli.
The oxygen in each breath is circuited to the lungs where the alveoli absorb the oxygen and passed to the blood cells. The blood cells enter the heart where the oxygenated blood is circulated where needed.
Gas exchange takes place inside the lungs in the alveoli. The alveoli are a "grape like" structure at the very end of the respiratory tract. The alveoli are composed of a very thin membrane that separates the blood vessels from the gas chambers. The thin membrane allows diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream and diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) out of the blood stream. Once the CO2 has diffused into the alveoli, it is exhaled.
Gas is exchanged by diffusion. We have followed the path of the air and of the oxygen into the bloodstream. But breathing is a two-way street: we breathe in and then we breathe out. When we breathe in, or inhale, oxygen is removed from the air. Breathing also removes waste from the lungs and from our noses and mouths. How does this waste material get into the air that we breathe out, or exhale? The thin walls of the alveoli actually have two purposes. When we breathe in, oxygen passes through the walls of the alveoli and into the blood. Carbon dioxide and water vapor then travel the opposite direction. They are the main waste products that pass from the blood vessels (arteries) in the lungs, into the alveoli, through the windpipe and out the nose and mouth. In the alveoli, oxygen crosses over into the blood stream and carbon dioxide leaves the blood stream and enters the alveoli to be expelled through the lungs.
In air breathing animals, oxygen enters the blood stream through the alveoli, tiny sacs in the lungs. In water breathing animals oxygen enters the blood stream through the gills.
Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the bloodstream through diffusion, where it crosses the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries. Similarly, carbon dioxide moves from the bloodstream into the alveoli for removal when blood with high levels of carbon dioxide comes into contact with alveolar air with lower levels of carbon dioxide.
I think they must be removed by a dialysis machine.
I think they must be removed by a dialysis machine.
Urea is the substance derived from protein metabolism that is removed from the blood in the kidneys and excreted in urine.