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Are the attractive forces between polyethylene chains due to permanent dipoles or induced dipoles?
The attractive forces between chains are due to instantaneous induced dipoles, London dispersion forces,( not induced diipoles due to permananent dipoles). Polyethylene chains are long and the number of electrons is large- the intermolecular attraction will be significant.
Are induced dipoles permanent?
Induced dipoles are temporary and not permanent. They are created in nonpolar molecules when they are exposed to an electric field, causing the distribution of electrons to shift temporarily, resulting in the formation of a dipole moment. Once the electric field is removed, the induced dipoles disappear.
What is the every day importance of induced dipoles?
Induced dipoles are important in everyday life because they play a role in various phenomena. For example, they are responsible for the attractive forces between molecules in liquids and solids, which determine the physical properties of substances such as boiling point and viscosity. Induced dipoles also contribute to the formation of hydrogen bonds, which are crucial for the structure and function of biological molecules like DNA and proteins. Additionally, they are involved in the interaction between materials in applications such as adhesion and chromatography.
What is aligned dipoles?
Aligned dipoles refer to a configuration in which electric or magnetic dipoles are arranged in a specific orientation. This alignment can occur naturally in certain materials or be induced through external fields. The resulting collective orientation of the dipoles can lead to unique electromagnetic properties.
What are the forces that depend on temporary induced dipoles known as?
The forces that depend on temporary induced dipoles are known as London dispersion forces or van der Waals forces. These forces are caused by the fluctuations in electron distribution around an atom or molecule, leading to a temporary dipole moment that can induce dipoles in neighboring atoms or molecules.
What are Van der Waala forces?
Van der Waals forces are weak, short-range attractive forces between molecules. They can arise from dipole-dipole interactions, induced dipoles, or interactions between temporary dipoles. These forces play a role in determining the physical properties of substances such as melting point, boiling point, and solubility.
What are the types of dipole?
The two main types of dipoles are electric dipoles, which consist of two opposite charges separated by a distance, and magnetic dipoles, which involve a pair of magnetic poles with opposite polarities. Electric dipoles are commonly found in molecules, while magnetic dipoles are seen in magnets and certain atomic particles.
The weak intermolecular forces resulting from instantaneous and induced dipoles are called?
London dispersion forces.
Why does the attraction of two substances not prove that the two objects have opposite charges?
The attraction between two substances can occur due to various factors, not just opposite charges. It could be due to factors such as temporary dipoles, induced charges, or van der Waals forces. Therefore, attraction alone does not necessarily prove that the objects have opposite charges.
Do London dispersion forces exist between polar molecules and result from temporary dipoles?
London dispersion forces derive from the interraction of instantaneous induced dipoles - the inetraction of polar molecules (having a permanent dipole )is called a Keesom force- the force between a permanent polar molecule and an induced dipole in another molecule is called a debye force--
What is the intermolecular force of P4?
The primary intermolecular force present in tetraphosphorus (P4) is London dispersion forces, which are a type of van der Waals force. These forces arise due to temporary fluctuations in electron density that create instantaneous dipoles, leading to induced dipoles in neighboring molecules. While P4 is nonpolar and has no significant dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces are sufficient to account for its physical properties, such as its relatively low melting and boiling points compared to polar substances.
Are all magnets man-made?
No, a magnetic field is induced by moving electric charges. If a ferrous material (one containing iron) is placed in a magnetic field, the individual magnetic dipoles can be aligned in accordance with the magnetic field. Since the molten iron in the earth's core carries charges, a magnetic field is induced around the earth (with field lines coming OUT of the south pole and into the north). This magnetic field can align magnetic dipoles just as any man-made electromagnet can.
