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It is chiefly Salamis's proximity to Athens that gave the island its importance in ancient Greek history. The island is located in the Saronic Gulf just off the coast of Greece near Athens. The most famous episode involving Salamis was during the 2nd Persian War in the Battle of Salamis. This was when Themistocles, one of the Athenian generals taking part in the allied resistance against the Persians, realized his city could not be saved from Persian attack. He convinced all the women, children and elderly of Athens to take refuge on the island of Salamis while the able-bodied men of Athens and many other Greek city-states took to ships (called triremes) and fought the Persians on the water instead of on land. The geography of the Saronic Gulf around Salamis helped to minimize the Persian's main advantage, the sheer number of troops and ships, and even the odds for the far fewer Greek fighters. So while the Persians were able to burn the city of Athens (making way for the Parthenon and many other famous buildings still present today), they were not able to defeat the Athenian people, partly because of the island of Salamis.
The Battle of Gaugamela was fought near the Tigris and Euphrates River. The battle took place in 331 between the Persians and the Hellenic League.
According to legend, the marathon springs from an account of a Greek soldier who ran from the town of Marathon to Athens, which is about 25 miles and some change, to inform the Senate that the Battle of Marathon had been won. The legend states that the soldier ran the entire difficult, mountainous route nonstop, declared "We are victorious", collapsed and died.
Three hundred Spartans died defending the Pass of Thermopylae, also known as The Hot Gates. After the battle was over, the Persians gained control of Boeotia.
The Greek cities planned to first destroy the Persian fleet to eliminate its amphibious threat to their individual cities. This would then allow them to concentrate their armies to defeat the Persian army, rather than keeping them defensively at home. The therefore blocked the pass at Thermopylai with a small fore to compel the Persian navy to attempt to turn the position by sea. The Greek fleet lay in wait at the nearby strait at Artemesion to emgage the Persian fleet. Unfortunately for the Greeks they lost and withdrew the force blocking the pass as it now had no further purpose. The Greek fleet then tried again at Salamis and won. Their armies combined the following spring to defeat the Persian army at Plataia.
The Persians .
Salamis.
By the Persians not invading Greece. By the Greeks surrendering to the Persians without a battle.
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Battle of Salamis and later at the Battle of Plataea
They defeated them in a sea battle at Salamis.
The Battle of Salamis ~ see related link below .
Salamis, Plataia, Mykale, Eurymedon, Cyprus.
Take your pick - Salamis, Mycale, Eurymedon, Cyprus and others.
There were several - the most notable were Salamis (in the Saronic Gulf between the island of Salamis and Athens in 480; Mykale in Asia Minor 479 BCE and Eurymedon in Asia Minor 466 BCE.
They won because of having small easy to maneuver ships
Triremes, same as the Greeks