First Minister
The countries of the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) have devolved governments - similar to individual states within the United States. The main political parties in the UK are Conservative and Labour. The Scottish Nationalist Party is strong in Scotland and the Democratic Unionists and Sinn Fein are strong in Northern Ireland.
Yes it is, although there are also devolved legislative bodies in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Yes. Scotland has a devolved parliament in Edinburgh.
Devolved Government.
Yes, it is. It is made up of the island of Great Britain and Northern Island. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland, and Wales. Northern Island, Scotland, and Wales have devolved self-governments with varying powers based in their own capitals (Belfast, Edinburgh, and Cardiff, respectively). The United Kingdom as a whole is a country and sovereign state; England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Island are regarded as "countries within a country" - countries (or regions) on their own, but not sovereign states. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system; its capital is London, England.
Great Britain is part of the United Kindom. The UK is a Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy with devolved assemblies in Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland.
No. England, a constituent country of the United Kingdom, has no country-wide governing body of its own, unlike Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which all have sub-national devolved governments and legislatures of limited power. All English affairs are dealt with centrally by the UK Government and its Parliament.
David Cameron, or any UK Prime Minister, is the head of government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. This includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. However, Scotland has its own government and Wales and Northern Ireland have their own assemblies. So those constituent countries have their own "leaders" while England has no devolved government.
In short no. Scotland has a devolved government and Parliament but is still part of the U.K.
Regional governments have grown since the 1950s because many governments have devolved their function to increase efficiency.
They are governed by democratically-elected 'assemblies'. The assemblies have control over law-enforcement, taxation etc - but they're still bound by the laws of the UK.
They are both in the United Kingdom but both have devolved government.