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Mass, heat capacity, the desired raise in temperature.
It is harder to raise the temperature of water than it is to raise the temperature of a rock. It takes 1 calorie of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C, whereas it only takes 0.02 calorie to heat a gram of rock to that temperature.
yes. It takes energy to raise the temperature of the solid to the melting point.
Depends on how high you want to raise the gram of water ;).
2
Water.
Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a material one degree.
raise the temperature of the body by 1 Celsius
How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 0.358 of copper from 23.0 to 60.0 ? The specific heat of copper is 0.0920
Whatever temperature you want the mass to have, the more mass there is, the more heat energy you'll have to pump into it in order to raise it to that temperature. Or the more heat energy you'll have to pump out of it in order to cool it to that temperature.
It is used to raise the temperature of the water.
.02 btu