physical layer.
Physical Layer (L1)
The data link layer is still needed for flow control over the transmission channel and for framing the data. In a multiple access medium such as a LAN, the data link layer is required to coordinate access to the shared medium among the multiple users.
The closest layer to outer space is the Thermosphere.
The Physical Layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits rather than logical data packets over a physical link connecting network nodes. The bit stream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a hardware transmission medium. The Physical Layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to broadcast on, the modulation scheme to use and similar low-level parameters, are specified here. Within the semantics of the OSI network architecture, the Physical Layer translates logical communications requests from the Data Link Layer into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of electronic signals.
If you're talking about the atmosphere, the troposphere is the closest layer to the Earth.
If you're talking about the atmosphere, the troposphere is the closest layer to the Earth.
The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth.
The Troposphere is the closest to earth.
No, it is not. Troposphere is the closest.
The troposphere is the layer closest to the Earth.
basal layer
The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth.