If a reaction (or let's just say an object(the system)) is exothermic, it releases heat(exo means exit) into the surroundings. Because the heat leaves the system, the temperature of the object decreases and the surrounding get hotter. Conversely, if a system (an object or reaction) is endothermic, the object absorbs heat, increasing its own temperature and taking in heat from the surroundings, making the surroundings drop in temperature. Also, the energy of the universe is constant, but the entropy (measure of chaos in the world) is increasing. This heat we spoke of, lost or gained, is energy in the form of heat. However, conservation of energy still holds true because the heat isn't completely lost or added, but rather just transferred to different systems and surroundings.
It is related to the 2nd law of thermodynamics
Just about anything we do is related to physics, since physics tries to describe how the Universe works. Specifically, in transportation, relevant physical topics are movement, speed, momentum, energy (First and Second law of Thermodynamics), and - depending on the type of engines used - electromagnetism, heat engines, etc.
Yes. There are no known exceptions - otherwise it would not be considered a law
That statement is most closely related to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
By the first law of thermodynamics, energy is conserved - i.e. the sum of the useful work and the energy lost to heat will equal the energy you started with. The second law states that you will never get 100% energy efficiency.
Magic
It is related to the 2nd law of thermodynamics
The same way everything in the universe is. Science can explain it, predict it and study it.
In thermodynamics, a system is that part of the universe which is under experimental study or observation. The surroundings constitute everything other than system. That is The universe = The system + The surroundingsBut practically surroundings of a system is the neighborhood of the system which can interact with the system.Types of systems:1. Open SystemAn open system can exchange both energy and matter with the surroundings.Eg: Hot water kept open in cup. Here both matter (steam) and energy (heat) is exchanged with the surroundings by the system.2. Closed SystemA closed system can exchange energy but not matter with the surroundings.Eg: Hot water kept closed in a cup. Exchange of only heat takes place.3. Isolated SystemIn an isolated system, exchange of matter as well as energy is not possible.Eg: Hot water kept in a thermos flask. Exchange of steam as well as heat does not takes place.
"Unavailable for doing work" is related to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Entropy is closely related to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of a closed system will always remain the same or increase over time, but never decrease. This law describes the tendency of systems to move towards a state of maximum disorder or randomness.
Thermodynamics is a part of physics, and physics is very closely related to maths. Physics involves a lot of mathematical equations and problems, and as such, to be good in thermodynamics, you have to be good in maths.
Just about anything we do is related to physics, since physics tries to describe how the Universe works. Specifically, in transportation, relevant physical topics are movement, speed, momentum, energy (First and Second law of Thermodynamics), and - depending on the type of engines used - electromagnetism, heat engines, etc.
That's related to the First Law of Thermodynamics - the Law of Conservation of Energy.
its not
You must be referring to the two Laws of Thermodynamics. Stated in terms of energy: 1. The First Law of Thermodynamics is the Law of Conservation of Energy, meaning that energy can not be created or destroyed. 2. However, useful energy is continuously being converted into unusable energy. This is irreversible. This is the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Actually Murphy's law has been suggested (humorously) as "the fourth law of thermodynamics". It is only peripherally related the the second law. One of the implications of the second law is that an increase in disorder in the universe is a consequence of natural processes. Some have suggested that Murphy's law (If any thing can go wrong, it will.) is an example of this. Strictly speaking - this is quite different from the 2nd law but when someone screws up, it sure does tend to cause a lot of disorder!