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  • All Plains tribes relied on hunting for the vast majority of their food, with gathering (roots, fruits and herbs) representing a much smaller ratio of food sources. Hunted animals included deer, antelope, mountain sheep and (most importantly) the American bison or buffalo.
  • As a consequence of this dependence on hunting tribes were always split into small hunting bands which followed the wandering herds, meaning a nomadic lifestyle. Bands rarely came together except for important religious ceremonies.
  • Men were hunters and warriors and every man was not only a member of a specific clan (depending on whether the clan system was matriarchal or patriarchal), but also a member of a warrior society. These societies were generally arranged on the basis of age, but some tribes had non-age-related societies.
  • Horses were of extreme importance to nomadic hunters; without horses as transport the lifestyle could not be maintained. Horses were of such importance that they became a kind of currency.

Speaking about "economy" in connection with hunting nomads who had no idea of what an economy is seems particularly strange. They had no income, no money, no expenditure, no savings and no understanding of currency as we know it. The main preoccupation was not with wealth but with food; following that was an overriding preoccupation with status gained by carrying out brave deeds in war. Only by achieving brave deeds could a man earn respect and only then would he find a wife.

A "wealthy man" was one who had performed brave deeds and accumulated many horses, mainly by stealing them from the enemies of his tribe - but his wealth was not only material, but in terms of respect earned through performing brave deeds and also his generosity and kindness towards his own people.

A man could only become respected and "wealthy" with the aid of supernatural helpers; a man who had never received a powerful vision from the spirit world could not hope to be considered important and would never be made a "chief" in any sense of the word. The importance of religion in the lives of the plains people can not be over-emphasised - it influenced every decision, activity and plan and was ever-present in the minds of everyone from the children to the oldest and wisest.

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Q: What traits did the Plains tribes share and what was the economic basis of the way of life for most plains tribes?
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