What trends developed within Catholicism in response to the enlightenment?

Answer 1

This is a huge subject, well outside the scope of a quick answer site like WikiAnswers. There were many problems in the Church at this time, from a group who wanted to be "enlightened" from some monks at the abbey of St. Germain in Paris complaining of their monastic discipline to French seminary students rioting to be allowed to wear wigs and attend the theater. One of the major problems in the Church at that time was the raise of Jansenism, the only major heresy since Protestantism. So you have the rise of Jansenism, the suppression of the Jesuits (the main foes of the Jansenist heresy) and the horrible attacks on the Church with the French Revolution. For a more complete survey, I would recommend James Hitchcock's book, History of the Catholic Church, or Diane Moczar's book, The Church Under Attack.