As of 2016, the YIVO Encyclopedia
The United States and Israel have the largest Jewish populations in the world, with significant Jewish communities also found in countries like France, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
#1 is Israel. #2 is the USA.
About 78% of the Jews in the occupied or war impacted parts of Europe were killed in the Holocaust (also called The Shoa). In some countries, such as Poland and Lithuania, 90% of the Jews died or were killed.
United States - 6,588,000 (2%)Israel - 5,931,300 (75%)France - 500,000 (0.8%)Canada - 375,000 (1%)United Kingdom - 300,000 (0.5%)Country - Jewish Population - Percent of Population
The top three countries with the largest Jewish populations are the United States, Israel, and France. The United States is home to the largest Jewish community, with significant populations also found in cities like New York and Los Angeles. Israel, established as a Jewish state in 1948, has the highest percentage of Jews in its population. France has the largest Jewish community in Europe, primarily concentrated in cities such as Paris.
Israel.
France has the largest population of Jews in Europe, and the second largest in the world (after the US), with about half a million Jews. The following European countries also have large Jewish populations: United Kingdom (300,000) Russia (225,000) Germany (150,000) Ukraine (80,000) Hungary (50,000) Belgium (35,000) Netherlands (30,000) Italy (30,000)
Today, only about 1,500,000 Jews live throughout Europe. Prior to the Holocaust, the Jewish population was well into the double digits (perhaps about 15,000,000). 6,000,000 Jews perished due to the Holocaust, which significantly dropped the Jewish population in Europe. Most of those who survived migrated to other countries (mainly the US or the UK), and later to Israel (once it existed in 1948). Prior to the Holocaust, the majority of Jews lived in Eastern Europe and Central Europe. The European countries that had the largest Jewish populations included Poland, Russia, France, Germany, etc. However, these countries did not necessarily have the largest number of Jews who fell victim to the Holocaust. Today, the majority of Jews live in Western Europe. The European countries with the largest Jewish populations are France, Russia, the UK, and Germany.
Israel
If the question is asking "Which Spanish-speaking country has the largest Jewish population today?", the answer is Argentina with roughly 200,000 Jews. If the question is asking, "Which Spanish-speaking country historically had the largest percentage of Jews?", the answer would be Spain since Spain had a large Jewish population in 1490.
The largest group of population of Jews is found in Israel, with approximately 6.8 million Jews residing there. Israel is considered the center of Jewish life and culture, with a diverse population that includes Jews from around the world.
Israel is the only Jewish country in the entire world. As of 2012, there are more than 7 million Jews in Israel, which make up about 80% of the population there. The United States has the second largest Jewish population in the world. There are about 6 million Jews in the U.S., which make up about 2% of the population there.