I would say vacuum tubes and punch cards. May not be a textbook answer, but those are the two that came to mind.
Tubes, magnetic logic, and transistors.
Electro-Mechanical Computers were used before first generation of computers.
Many technologies can fall into both the human failures category and the human success category. A good example of this would be the light bulb, because Thomas Edison had to fail a large number of times before he succeeded. Human's failures in technologies would be nuclear power, weaponry, medicine, thermodynamics, and genetic engineering. We eventually succeed in all of the categories, but we first had to fail. Man's success in technologies would be wind and solar energy, computers, automobiles, telephones, and portable music players. These technologies were also trial and error before they were a success, but they are always being changed and becoming more advanced, now that they work.
No computers.
No. He died before Google existed and before computers.
fireworks
Probably the same as before, done logically in your own head, or done using computers or other helping methods. It might get easier to solve a problem because of new technologies. the first step to solve a problem is to see what the problem is.
before electronic computers there were human computers (i.e. humans doing calculations with pencil and paper, if they were lucky a mechanical desk calculator and a book of precalculated mathematical tables).
Before modern computers were invented word "computer" meant "somebody who computes".
Ballots were counted in the presidential election by hand, using paper ballots before computers. The term so called document ballot voting system which is pointed as how ballots were counted before computers.
What sort of tasks are you refering to? is it manufacturing or databases or what?
Before computers, people did calculations by hand.