1 tcp transmission control protocol
2 udp protocol
a packet
Packet
When an IP data-gram is too large for the Maximum Transmission Unit(MTU) of the underlying data link layer technology is used for the next leg of its journey,it must be fragmented before it can be sent across the network higer-layer message to be transmitted is not sent in a single IP data-gram but rather broken down into pieces called fragments that are sent separately.In some cases,the fragments themselves may need to be fragmented further.
maximum transmission unit
In the context of smart cards, an application protocol data unit is the communication unit between a smart card reader and a smart card. The structure of the APDU is defined by ISO/IEC 7816-4 Organization, security and commands for interchange.
frame
All the data that a network transmits in chunks is called packets.A packetis one unit of binary data capable of being routed through a computer network. To improve communication performance and reliability, each message sent between two network devices is often subdivided into packets by the underlying hardware and software.
The units that network traffic is sent in depends on the layer of the network you are talking about, and potentially on the technology being used.For example, Ethernet uses Frames.Internet Protocol (IP) uses Packets.Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) uses Cells.
Local Area Network
The Maximum Transferable Unit (MTU) is the amount of data that can be sent in each packet on a TCP/IP based network. If your network is the postal service (routing and delivering messages to and from other people), the MTU is how big the envelopes are.
a frame in computer network, is a digital data transmission unit.
The APDU (Application Protocol Data Unit) is the communication unit between a reader and a card. The structure of an APDU is defined by the ISO 7816 standards. There are two categories of APDUs: command APDUs and response APDUs. As the name implies, the former is sent by the reader to the card: it contains a mandatory 5-byte header and from 0 to up to 255 bytes of data. The latter is sent by the card to the reader: it contains a mandatory 2-byte status word and from 0 to up to 256 bytes of data. The APDU is an application level protocol as specified in the ISO 7816-4, which takes place between a smart card and a host application for the communication purpose.