sodium potassium and calcium
Voltage-gated sodium channels are primarily responsible for initiating and propagating action potentials in neurons. These channels open in response to depolarization of the cell membrane, allowing sodium ions to enter the cell and initiate the rapid depolarization phase of the action potential.
Neurons are the main cells that undergo action potential. These specialized cells are responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the nervous system to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands.
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The type of potential described is an action potential. It is generated by the movement of ions such as sodium and potassium across the axon membrane, leading to a rapid change in voltage that allows for the transmission of signals along the neuron.
neuron
Exocytosis
The receptor type exemplified by opening a channel to let sodium into the cell is the ligand-gated ion channel. When a specific ligand, such as a neurotransmitter, binds to the receptor, it causes a conformational change that opens the channel, allowing sodium ions (Na+) to flow into the cell. This influx of sodium typically leads to depolarization of the cell membrane, which can trigger an action potential in neurons. Examples of such receptors include the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the glutamate receptor.
Myelinated axons propagate action potentials faster compared to unmyelinated axons. This is because the myelin sheath insulates the axon and helps the action potential "jump" from one node of Ranvier to the next, a process called saltatory conduction.
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the ion channels that open during an action potential in the axon terminal of a motor neuron. These channels allow calcium ions to flow into the terminal, triggering the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
Oligodendrocyte
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