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Q: What type of division occurs to produc an embryo plant from the diploid zygote?
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Continue Learning about Natural Sciences

What term describes a series of linked reactions in the cell directed towards producing some specific end produc?

a Metabolic pathway


What famous telescopes are in the US?

Of conventional Telescopes the 200 Inch reflector at Mount Palomar also c alled the Hale telescope(from its designer) is probaly the top tube. for produc tion models there was an all-aluminum 72 Inch reflector in an altazimuth mount which was made by the then Kaiser aluminum corporation and was exhibited in the science section of Disneyland for many years, perhap still around. it resembed a mamoth theodolite.


How do you make nitrogen?

The atmosphere of our planet is composed mostly of nitrogen, therefore nitrogen is readily available and doesn't have to be made. This is a bit like asking "how do you make water?" It's possible to make water - most forms of combustion produce at least some water vapor as a by-produc t - but it is never necessary to do so. It's much easier to use the water that we already have. But then, suppose you need pure nitrogen, 100% nitrogen, not air. Nitrogen can be separated out from air by a process of fractional distillation. Liquify the air (at very low temperatures) and the various components can be boiled off at different temperatures.


What is the scientific name of rain tree?

InTrODUCTIOn Rain tree (Samanea saman) is easily recognized by its char- acteristic umbrella-shaped canopy. When grown in the open, the tree usually reaches 15-25 m (50-80 ft) in height with a canopy diameter wider than the tree is tall. Rain tree is most important in the Pacific as a shade tree on small farms, along roads, in parks and pastures. The wood has limited use for carved bowls in local markets; it could be developed more widely as a commercial timber, comparing favorably to black walnut. A multitude of minor uses is documented for rain tree, most of them of purely local sig- nificance, but all could be explored for wider applicability. Rain tree naturalizes freely almost everywhere it has been introduced and is considered an invasive pest in Vanuatu and Fiji. In many other places naturalized rain tree is not considered a problem. DISTrIbUTIOn Native range Extensive cultivation has obscured the native range of rain tree. It is believed to be native in northern South America (Colombia, the Caribbean slope and the Orinoco drainage of Venezuela), and in Central America as far north as El Salvador. It is now widespread from Mexico south to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. In these areas, it occurs in low-eleva- tion dry forests and grassland/savannah habitats. Current distribution Family  Fabaceae (alt. Mimosaceae), legume family Subfamily  Mimosoideae Non-preferred scientific names Albizia saman (Jacquin) F. Mueller Enterolobium saman (Jacquin) Prain ex King Inga salutaris Kunth. Inga saman (Jacquin) Willd Mimosa saman Jacquin Pithecellobium saman (Jacquin) Bentham Common names Pacific islands filinganga (Northern Marianas) gouannegoul, saman (French) gumorni spanis (Yap) kasia kula, mohemohe (Tonga) marmar (New Guinea) 'ohai (Hawai'i) rain tree, monkey pod, saman (English) tamalini, tamaligi (Samoa) trongkon-mames (Guam) vaivai ni vavalangi, sirsa (Fiji) Other regions acacia, palo de China (Philippines) algarrobo, algarrobo del país, carreto negro, delmont  Samanea saman (rain tree)  Rain tree is cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics. In the Pacific, rain tree is known to occur on the following islands: American Samoa (Tutuila), Com- monwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan, Rota), Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei), Fiji (Kanacea, Taveuni, Vanua Levu, Viti Levu), French Polynesia (Íles Tubuai [Rurutu], Tahiti, Marquesas, Moorea, Raiatea), Guam, Hawai'i, Marshall Islands (Jaluit, Kwajalein), Niue, Palau (Koror), Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Pitcairn, Rotuma, Samoa ('Upolu), and Tonga (Tongatapu, 'Eua, Vava'u, Lifuka/Foa). The species is also naturalized in a number of the Caribbean Islands includ- ing Puerto Rico. It is almost certainly even more wide- spread than the foregoing list indicates. bOTAnICAL DeSCrIPTIOn Preferred scientific name  Samanea saman (Jacquin) Merrill guannegoul, samán (Spanish) gouannegoul, saman (French) Size Rain tree generally attains maximum heights of 15-25 m (50-80 ft). In rare cases it can reach a height of 50 m (160 ft). The crown typically reaches 30 m (100 ft) in diameter. Very large trees may reach 50-60 m (160-195 ft) in diam- eter. Rain trees usually have a short, stout trunk of about 1-2 m (3-6.5 ft) in diameter at breast height (dbh), but the trunk can attain 2-3 m (6.5-10 ft) dbh in exceptional cases. Under dense planting conditions, trees may attain greater height (to 40 m, 130 ft) with a narrower crown diameter than when planted in the open. Form Rain tree has a distinctive, umbrella-shaped crown. The crown is typically broad and domed; the horizontal spread is greater than the height when grown in spacious, open settings. Under plantation conditions, the crown is more vase-shaped. Flowers The tiny flowers (12-25 per head) are massed in pinkish heads 5-6 cm (2-2.4 in) across and about 4 cm (1.6 in) in rAIn Tree? The name rain tree has been attributed to: • The leaflets are light-sensitive and close together on cloudy days (as well as from dusk to dawn), allowing rain to fall through the canopy to the ground below. • The grass is often much greener under a rain tree than the surrounding grass. • A steady drizzle of honeydew is often created by sap-sucking insects. • Nectaries on the leaf petioles excrete sugary juice that sometimes falls from the tree like rain. • During heavy flowering, stamens can drop from the canopy like rain. height. The long, bicolored stamens (white in lower half and reddish above) give the whole inflorescence the ap- pearance of a powder puff or feather duster held slightly above the foliage. Thousands of heads are borne at the same time, covering the tree in pinkish bloom. The central flower in each head is larger, stalkless, has more petals, and is in- capable of forming a fruit; this flower is a nectar-produc- ing organ that attracts pollinators. Usually only one flower per head (rarely two) is pollinated and forms a fruit. Leaves Leaves are alternately arranged along twigs and have a prominent swelling (pulvinus) at the petiole base; stipules are present and threadlike; the leaf blades are twice-even- pinnately compound, arranged in 2-6 pairs of pinnae, each pinna bearing 6-16 diamond-shaped leaflets, shiny green above, dull and finely hairy beneath, 2-4 cm (0.8-1.6 in) long and 1-2 cm (0.4-0.8 in) wide, the apical leaflets larg- est. During dry periods trees are semi-deciduous, losing their leaves for a short period. Where there is a definite dry season, they may remain leafless for a period of weeks but refoliate quickly if there is adequate moisture. This gives the appearance that rain tree is "evergreen" in moister cli- mates. Fruit Mature pods are black-brown, oblong, lumpy, 10-20 cm long (4-8 in), 15-19 mm (0.6-0.8 in) wide, ca. 6 mm (0.25 in) thick, straight or slightly curved, not dehiscing but eventually cracking irregularly, and filled with a sticky, brownish pulp that is sweet and edible. Top: Flowers and new leaves. Bottom: Fruit in varying stag- es of ripeness. photos: C. ElEvitCh InTrODUCTIOn Rain tree (Samanea saman) is easily recognized by its char- acteristic umbrella-shaped canopy. When grown in the open, the tree usually reaches 15-25 m (50-80 ft) in height with a canopy diameter wider than the tree is tall. Rain tree is most important in the Pacific as a shade tree on small farms, along roads, in parks and pastures. The wood has limited use for carved bowls in local markets; it could be developed more widely as a commercial timber, comparing favorably to black walnut. A multitude of minor uses is documented for rain tree, most of them of purely local sig- nificance, but all could be explored for wider applicability. Rain tree naturalizes freely almost everywhere it has been introduced and is considered an invasive pest in Vanuatu and Fiji. In many other places naturalized rain tree is not considered a problem. DISTrIbUTIOn Native range Extensive cultivation has obscured the native range of rain tree. It is believed to be native in northern South America (Colombia, the Caribbean slope and the Orinoco drainage of Venezuela), and in Central America as far north as El Salvador. It is now widespread from Mexico south to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. In these areas, it occurs in low-eleva- tion dry forests and grassland/savannah habitats. Current distribution Family  Fabaceae (alt. Mimosaceae), legume family Subfamily  Mimosoideae Non-preferred scientific names Albizia saman (Jacquin) F. Mueller Enterolobium saman (Jacquin) Prain ex King Inga salutaris Kunth. Inga saman (Jacquin) Willd Mimosa saman Jacquin Pithecellobium saman (Jacquin) Bentham Common names Pacific islands filinganga (Northern Marianas) gouannegoul, saman (French) gumorni spanis (Yap) kasia kula, mohemohe (Tonga) marmar (New Guinea) 'ohai (Hawai'i) rain tree, monkey pod, saman (English) tamalini, tamaligi (Samoa) trongkon-mames (Guam) vaivai ni vavalangi, sirsa (Fiji) Other regions acacia, palo de China (Philippines) algarrobo, algarrobo del país, carreto negro, delmont  Samanea saman (rain tree)  Rain tree is cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics. In the Pacific, rain tree is known to occur on the following islands: American Samoa (Tutuila), Com- monwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan, Rota), Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei), Fiji (Kanacea, Taveuni, Vanua Levu, Viti Levu), French Polynesia (Íles Tubuai [Rurutu], Tahiti, Marquesas, Moorea, Raiatea), Guam, Hawai'i, Marshall Islands (Jaluit, Kwajalein), Niue, Palau (Koror), Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Pitcairn, Rotuma, Samoa ('Upolu), and Tonga (Tongatapu, 'Eua, Vava'u, Lifuka/Foa). The species is also naturalized in a number of the Caribbean Islands includ- ing Puerto Rico. It is almost certainly even more wide- spread than the foregoing list indicates. bOTAnICAL DeSCrIPTIOn Preferred scientific name  Samanea saman (Jacquin) Merrill guannegoul, samán (Spanish) gouannegoul, saman (French) Size Rain tree generally attains maximum heights of 15-25 m (50-80 ft). In rare cases it can reach a height of 50 m (160 ft). The crown typically reaches 30 m (100 ft) in diameter. Very large trees may reach 50-60 m (160-195 ft) in diam- eter. Rain trees usually have a short, stout trunk of about 1-2 m (3-6.5 ft) in diameter at breast height (dbh), but the trunk can attain 2-3 m (6.5-10 ft) dbh in exceptional cases. Under dense planting conditions, trees may attain greater height (to 40 m, 130 ft) with a narrower crown diameter than when planted in the open. Form Rain tree has a distinctive, umbrella-shaped crown. The crown is typically broad and domed; the horizontal spread is greater than the height when grown in spacious, open settings. Under plantation conditions, the crown is more vase-shaped. Flowers The tiny flowers (12-25 per head) are massed in pinkish heads 5-6 cm (2-2.4 in) across and about 4 cm (1.6 in) in rAIn Tree? The name rain tree has been attributed to: • The leaflets are light-sensitive and close together on cloudy days (as well as from dusk to dawn), allowing rain to fall through the canopy to the ground below. • The grass is often much greener under a rain tree than the surrounding grass. • A steady drizzle of honeydew is often created by sap-sucking insects. • Nectaries on the leaf petioles excrete sugary juice that sometimes falls from the tree like rain. • During heavy flowering, stamens can drop from the canopy like rain. height. The long, bicolored stamens (white in lower half and reddish above) give the whole inflorescence the ap- pearance of a powder puff or feather duster held slightly above the foliage. Thousands of heads are borne at the same time, covering the tree in pinkish bloom. The central flower in each head is larger, stalkless, has more petals, and is in- capable of forming a fruit; this flower is a nectar-produc- ing organ that attracts pollinators. Usually only one flower per head (rarely two) is pollinated and forms a fruit. Leaves Leaves are alternately arranged along twigs and have a prominent swelling (pulvinus) at the petiole base; stipules are present and threadlike; the leaf blades are twice-even- pinnately compound, arranged in 2-6 pairs of pinnae, each pinna bearing 6-16 diamond-shaped leaflets, shiny green above, dull and finely hairy beneath, 2-4 cm (0.8-1.6 in) long and 1-2 cm (0.4-0.8 in) wide, the apical leaflets larg- est. During dry periods trees are semi-deciduous, losing their leaves for a short period. Where there is a definite dry season, they may remain leafless for a period of weeks but refoliate quickly if there is adequate moisture. This gives the appearance that rain tree is "evergreen" in moister cli- mates. Fruit Mature pods are black-brown, oblong, lumpy, 10-20 cm long (4-8 in), 15-19 mm (0.6-0.8 in) wide, ca. 6 mm (0.25 in) thick, straight or slightly curved, not dehiscing but eventually cracking irregularly, and filled with a sticky, brownish pulp that is sweet and edible. Top: Flowers and new leaves. Bottom: Fruit in varying stag- es of ripeness. photos: C. ElEvitCh


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36 details: the numbers are 1,2,3 the squares 1, 4, 9 the produc 1 x 4 x 9 = 36