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What type of ion is built into gradient so ATP synthase can work?
Wiki User
∙ 6y ago
H+ ions (protons) are built into a gradient.
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
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The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy fro making ATP directly from where?
An electron chemical gradient - Ie, the Proton or H+ gradient. There is a concentration difference in H+ ions, and a charge difference between the two sides of the mitochondrial membrane that the ATP synthase is embedded in. Thuse you can consider the H+ ions "under pressure" (layman's term), and they provide the power for the ATP synthase to work, as they flow through it.
Why are membrane proteins necessary for active transport?
Active transport, requires ATP to fuel it as it goes against the gradient present in cells. Substances can drift along a gradient into and out of cells, but must be pushed against a gradient.
How does the electron transport chain during muscle exercises work?
when NADH and FADH is oxidized from the matrix of the mitochondria of the muscle cells h+ protons pass through proteins on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. the proton gradient made by this cause protons to come back down into the mitochondrial matrix by passing through a atpase that generates ATP(energy from adp) by using the work from the proton gradient. the ATP newly made by this atpase is the energy that the cells use for muscle activity.
How does secondary active transport work?
Active transport requires energy (ATP, GTP, etc) to work against the electrochemical gradient. Passive transport works with the electrochemical gradient and does not require energy. (Think diffusion)
What type of biologist most often does work in indoor laborartories?
They work indoors and outdoors. :)
The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy fro making ATP directly from where?
An electron chemical gradient - Ie, the Proton or H+ gradient. There is a concentration difference in H+ ions, and a charge difference between the two sides of the mitochondrial membrane that the ATP synthase is embedded in. Thuse you can consider the H+ ions "under pressure" (layman's term), and they provide the power for the ATP synthase to work, as they flow through it.
Does osmosis work with or against the concentration gradient?
against the gradient
What is the role of ATP synthase and how does is work?
ATP synthase is a key enzyme in energy transformation of a living cell. The enzyme makes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diiphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). ADP + Pi <=> ATP ATP is a universal "energy currency" of a living cell and is essential for DNA synthesis, muscle contraction, ion and nutrients transport, signal transduction, etc. The amazing feature of ATP synthase is rotary catalysis: a complex of subunits rotates relative to the rest of the enzyme and the mechanical energy of rotation is driving ATP synthesis reaction. In turn, the rotation is powered by transport of protons trough the membrane segment of ATP synthase. The driving force for this transport is the electrochemical potential difference of proton across the membrane. ATP synthase is therefore the smallest mechano-electro-chemical energy transducer that works as a nanoturbine. A much more detailed description of ATP synthase is available at www.atpsynthase.info
How do you work out the gradient of a perpendicular line?
basically the reciprocal of the original lines gradient is going to be the gradient for the perpendicular line (remember the signs should switch). For example if i had a line with the gradient of 3, then the gradient of the perpendicular line will be -1over3. But if the line had the gradient of -3, then the line perpendicular to that line will have the gradient 1over3.
How do you work out a gradient using a calculator?
you cant
How do you work out the gradient on a graph?
vertical height over lengh
What are the advantages of using tractors in the agricultural fields?
Farm tractors are designed and built for that type of work.
Does simple diffusion work with or against the concentration gradient?
I think that it is something
Can work done be calculated by the gradient force-distance graph?
no, work done is the area under a force-distance graph
What type of chemical bond do you think would work best for building macromolecules?
Macromolecules are built by means of covalent bonds.
What drives the formation of ATP by the ATP-synthase?
Most often it is a concentration gradient of protons (hydrogen ions) across a membrane known as the "proton motive force", although in some bacterial species they can use other ions, such as sodium. Through proton pumping, the Q cycle and redox cycling in the electron transport chain, protons build up on one side of the partially permeable membrane (they are unable to diffuse freely back over due to charge). This is the primary product of cellular respiration (the last enzyme in the electron transport chain reduces oxygen to water). In eukaryotes, this occurs in mitochondria with a build of up protons in the inter membrane space, while in prokaryotes it is in the periplasmic space of their double outer membranes. The increased concentration of protons on one side creates an electrochemical gradient (a proton motive force). ATP synthase usually hydrolyses ATP to ADP, but when coupled to a membrane protein that allows protons to pass back across the membrane the equilibrium can be shifted to reverse the reaction to produce ATP from ADP instead. The energy associated with the proton motive force is enough to drive the reaction to synthesise ATP by carefully coupling the process of proton transport with synthesis via a rotary motor.
What is the unite for gradient in a topographic map?
"Gradient" of a point quantity is a measurement of how fast it changes in a specific direction. For topography, the gradient of the land is its slope in some direction. It would work out to be dimensionless, because it has to be change in elevation/distance which is length/length no matter what units you use for the elevation or distance.
