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Most often it is a concentration gradient of protons (hydrogen ions) across a membrane known as the "proton motive force", although in some bacterial species they can use other ions, such as sodium.
Through proton pumping, the Q cycle and redox cycling in the electron transport chain, protons build up on one side of the partially permeable membrane (they are unable to diffuse freely back over due to charge). This is the primary product of cellular respiration (the last enzyme in the electron transport chain reduces oxygen to water). In eukaryotes, this occurs in mitochondria with a build of up protons in the inter membrane space, while in prokaryotes it is in the periplasmic space of their double outer membranes. The increased concentration of protons on one side creates an electrochemical gradient (a proton motive force). ATP synthase usually hydrolyses ATP to ADP, but when coupled to a membrane protein that allows protons to pass back across the membrane the equilibrium can be shifted to reverse the reaction to produce ATP from ADP instead. The energy associated with the proton motive force is enough to drive the reaction to synthesise ATP by carefully coupling the process of proton transport with synthesis via a rotary motor.
What else can I help you with?
Which does the electrons transport chain do during cellular raspiration?
it provides energy that powers the formation of ATP.
The cyclic pathway of ATP formation functions mainly to?
The cyclic pathway of ATP formation primarily functions to transfer electrons between electron carriers in order to generate a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This proton gradient is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Is the formation of ATP an endergonic reaction?
No, the formation of ATP is an exergonic reaction, meaning it releases energy. This is because the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate to ATP is coupled with cellular processes that release energy, such as the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration.
What is the product made by the electron transport?
Adenosine triphosphate. ATP
The movement of protons during ATP production is called what?
The movement of protons during ATP production is called chemiosmosis. In this process, protons are pumped across a membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
What enzyme synthesizes ATP in cellular respiration?
Enzyme ATPase is involved. It binds ADP and Pi
What drives the ATP synthetase to make ATP in respiration?
Protons.
Which does the electrons transport chain do during cellular raspiration?
it provides energy that powers the formation of ATP.
What drives the ATP synthesis reactions that produce ATP?
what are the products that coca cola sail
What will most likely happen if the hydrogen pump protein in photosystem II is not taking enough H plus ions into the thylakoid?
ATP formation will decrease.(APEX)
What is the main factor that drives ozone formation?
High pressure is the factor that drives the ozone formation. It is formed by the UV rays of the sun.
Hydrogen ion movement and atp formation?
During cellular respiration, hydrogen ions are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the electron transport chain. This movement creates an electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase. The flow of hydrogen ions back through ATP synthase powers the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.
In which of photosynthesis is oxygen produced?
Formation of ATP by ATP syntheses releases a molecule of oxygen
Where are molecules from food involved in the ATP and ADP cycle?
Energy from sugars, proteins and fats are broken down into chemicals require for the citric acid cycle. From the cycle high energy electrons are used to create a proton gradient in mitochondria, which is used by an enzyme ATPsynthase, to take ADP and free phospate to make ATP.
Which force drives the formation of new stars?
Gravity
What drives the process of Cloud formation?
solar energy
What provider provides the energy that drives the sodium potassium pump?
ATP and Pmf
