some kind of associative memories
In the cerebellum!
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Short term memories are typically stored acoustically or phonologically, which means information is stored based on its sound. This type of encoding makes it easier to remember information by repeating it verbally in our minds.
Memories are stored in the brain through the strengthening of connections between neurons, forming neural pathways. Skills are stored similarly, with repeated practice and reinforcement leading to the creation of specific neural networks dedicated to that skill. Both memories and skills are encoded in different regions of the brain, depending on the type of memory or skill being stored.
Hippocampus
no.memories are stored in your temporal lobes.
Typically, memories are stored in Dumbledore's pensieve (when not in their original owner's heads). But specifically in Deathly Hallows, Snape's memories are stored (temporarily) in a vial that Hermione conjured. They are later dumped into the aforementioned pensieve.
memories are stored as a series of gear rotations and switches
Classical conditioning is primarily stored in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and amygdala of the brain. The cerebellum is involved in motor responses, the hippocampus is important for memory formation, and the amygdala is responsible for emotional responses associated with conditioning.
The cerebellum controls and coordinates posture, balance and movements, especially rapid, skilled movements.
The cerebellum is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor movement, balance and equilibrium and muscle tone.