Synonymous mutations. These are mutations that happen in the coding regions of genes that change one nucleotide for another. However, because of redundancy in the genetic code (where one amino acid may be coded for by more than one nucleotide sequence) the amino acid sequence of the protein isn't altered.
Mutations that occur in non-coding, non-control regions of the genome also don't affect phenotype.
You may also wish to look at Wikipedia's entry on silent mutations.
Yes, a mutation can occur without affecting the phenotype at all. For example, a point mutation may change a nucleotide in a codon, but sometimes, the codon can still code the same amino acid, so the mRNA strand can still make the same protein.
To create a protein, the DNA contains a code which is made up of A,T,C and G, for example:
AGCTAGCTAGCTA. Each 3 of these 'letters' (bases) make an amino acid, which then go together to make a protein.
If one of these bases is deleted or added, the whole code will change therefore creating different proteins.
However, if one of these is substituted with another base, there are 3 possibilities:
chromosomal mutation
In regards to Blood Type, Phenotype O refers to Blood Type O as opposed to A, B, or AB.
Many, if not most, mutations are neutral, meaning that they have little or no effect on the expression of genes or the function of the proteins for which they code.
genetic variation originates from mutations on which evolution depends on.
Wild type
a bunch of stuff acxtually 4 major mutations to look at these go to Google and type in your question. if this does not work for you then sucks for you
genotype always...phenotype sometimes
some mutations include the change in eye color of the drosophila melanogaster
They cause changes or more technically alterations.
Well, there is no specific type of mutation that is beneficial. They can be harmful, helpful, or have no effect at all.
There is no definite answer to this question many types of mutations can cause death and I'd say that's the most dangerous effect of a mutation. Large Scale mutations, like deletions or amplifications, usually cause the most damage because they effect whole chromosomes. Small Scale mutations are usually less dangerous because they only effect one gene. The worst small scale mutations are insertions and deletions because they change the reading frame. In my personal opinion, harmful mutations that occur in the tumor suppressor genes are the most dangerous because they are what prevent the mutations in cell from being duplicated and without them working a mutated cell can replicate uncontrollably.
Different genotypes don't always change your phenotypes because of mutations
Yes mutations are the basis of evolution as they provide variance in the phenotype that could have evolutionary advantages
Not normally. There are mutations that occur rarely, which could cause this. Also, the Bombay phenotype appears to be type O unless specifically tested for, but it is not, so if one parent had it, they could have a type A or type B child.
A phenotype. Phenotypes are observable, physical traits. Genotypes have to do with the genetic coding. Since hair type is visible, it is a phenotype.
mutation in exons are less likely to affect phenotype then mutation in introns because mutaion in exons are silent mutation
Some mutations can be deadly, harmful, or have no effect. Correct, not all mutations are harmful. Some mutations could even have a positive effect and help the creature adapt.
lethal