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The religious beliefs of the ancient Romans were similar, but not identical, to those of the ancient Greeks. It was a thoroughly polytheistic religion, with several gods unknown to the Greeks. The Romans also relied on shamans, especially for foretelling the future, whereas the Greeks relied on oracles for this purpose. After Christianity became dominant in Italy, the Christians referred to the mainly rural Italians who remained faithful to the old gods as 'pagans', a pejorative term that implied they were too unsophisticated to understand the 'true' religion of Christianity.

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