Fire does not burn, its whatever if fueling the fire that burns. For example, wood is a fuel that burns, and fire is the result. The speed at which a fuel burns, depends on the fuel. i.e. Wood burns much slower than gasoline.
Alder is fine as firewood. It burns fine but it burns fast as it is not a very dense wood. Denser woods burn hotter and slower.
Dry Douglas Fir
Chemical energy
Yes, the type of wood does affect of how it burns. Some types of wood have a thick bark which lets thick smoke out. On the other side if it does not have thick bark it won't burn as well as thick bark.
Maple wood burns about as well as any other type of wood. There's no exact temperature at which it burns though, as it depends on the type of fire. For burning purposes, sugar maple is by far the best.
Normally soft wood would burn fastest. It actually depends on the density of the wood and the amount of pitch or sap still held by the wood. For instance, soft woods such as pin and cedar, when very dry, burn very fast. However, English brown oak, a hard wood will burn as fast or faster than pine. Balsa, also technically a hardwood, burns very fast. The denser the wood, the slower the burn.
Kerosene
One way for a fire to burn at a different temperature is it's wood soft wood such as pine burn fast and hot but hard wood such as muscle wood burns slower and cooler but still hot enough to burn you so don't touch it
wood from a store, because most of the time its dry and dry wood burns the best.
There is probably no reason against it. Orange wood burns very well, it burns quite quickly therefore gives more rapid heat.
Something that burns really hot, like birch for example