They depend on natural variation in traits due to mutation.
The variations in the DNA are responsible in differences between desirable traits and unwanted traits. Mutations also cause changes in the DNA.
Purifying selection removes harmful genetic variations, while positive selection promotes beneficial genetic variations in natural selection.
natural selection
Variations within a population
natural selection
Natural selection (the driving force of evolution) is the selection of genetic variations by how they effect the organism's chances of survival or reproduction. If they diminish it's chances, the organism or it's immediate offspring die and the gene is gone. If the genetic variations increase it's chances, then it survives. Without genetic variations there can be no evolution. Natural selection is the selection (by environmental pressures) of those variations.
Variations in a species are needed for natural selection to occur because they provide the raw material for evolutionary change. Without variation, there would be no differences for natural selection to act upon, and individuals within a species would be identical. Variations allow some individuals to be better adapted to their environment, giving them a higher chance of survival and reproduction, thus driving the process of natural selection.
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Heritable variations play a crucial role in Darwin's theory of natural selection as they provide the raw material for evolution to act upon. These variations are inherited from parents to offspring and can affect an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment. Natural selection then acts on these variations, with individuals better adapted to their environment being more likely to survive and pass on their favorable traits to the next generation.
Mutation is not a way in which natural selection affects the distributions of phenotypes. Mutations introduce new genetic variations, which can then be acted upon by natural selection to influence the distribution of phenotypes within a population.
Variations are the basis of evolution, but variations within a population create diversity, which is useful to slow disease and allow natural selection to occur.