In 2010, a volcanic eruption in Iceland brought much of Eoropean air travel to a halt. The increased levels of ash were bad for visibility nad plane engines.
Volcano eruptions are amazing process that don't begin and end in one day. The activity that led to the eruptions actually started at the end of 2009. A first volcanic eruption occurred on March 20, 2010. The eruption that led to the travel disruptions across Europe and beyond occurred on April 14, 2010. After that, there were still more eruptions. A volcano erupts because it sits on top of tectonic plates which move apart, causing the pressure to build up below and eventually erupt.
Grimsvotn volcano, located in Iceland, has had eruptions with a range of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) values. The most recent major eruption in 2011 had a VEI of 4, producing significant ash clouds that disrupted air travel in Europe. However, past eruptions at Grimsvotn have reached VEI 6, making them much larger and more explosive.
magma that needs to be released plate tectonics stress and pressure
Air pollution is a major effect of volcanic eruptions. Over the last few years Mount St. Helens has been the number one pollution source in the Northwest.
During eruptions when lava is beeing spewed from the top of the volcano, often times it's ash, gases (posineous and good) such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen, boulders and rocks. Sometimes the ash cloud can stay for days and travel kilometer upon kilometer over land and sea.
Most volcanic ash do travel in the direction of the prevailing wind. But they do initialy move randomly after eruption.
Volcanic ash plumes can exceed 20 miles in height and travel for thousands of miles.
yes because some volcanic tubes hold no magmum.
When a volcano erupts, it will cause shockwaves to be radiated out due to the impact. The shockwaves will cause waves to form and travel at high speeds. When it approaches the coastlines, the waves will start to get higher as the seafloor gets shallower, causing a tsunami.
This is a great book that won the Newbery Award. Professor William Waterman Sherman was rescued by a steam ship. He had left to travel around the world in a giant balloon but he had twenty large balloons when he was rescued. He tells a tale of a secret world on a volcanic island with a rich diamond mine. This island has the volcano Krakatoa which was one of the biggest volcanic eruptions in history.
To my knowledge, there is not known to be an empty space in the mantle. Earthquake seismic waves travel through the Earth in different ways as they change from crust to mantle. Such a void would have probably been detected by now, as the waves would NOT travel through a void - they travel through solids and liquids (but not the solid of the Earth's core).