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Cyrus II of Persia (600 BC - 530 BC) established the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BC), which was the largest empire in history, and stretched from the Balkans in the west to the Indus Valley in the east. His successors Darius and Xerxes led the empire against the Greeks on several occasions. The Achaemenid Empire was partly conquered by Alexander the great, and was succeeded by the Seleucid Empire.

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