PARDONER
indulgences
No pope ever urged anyone to sell indulgences. Selling indulgences is a grievous sin and always has been.
The ninety five thesis
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The Catholic Church, through its agents, the popes, cardinals and bishops, would sell indulgences. This practice has ceased.
The selling of Indulgences was stopped after the Reformation, was practiced only by certain unscrupulous individuals .
The Dominican Friar Johann Tetzel.
No pope ever authorized the sale of indulgences, that would be simony, and a very serious sin. Indulgences were always issued for good works, accompanied by prayer for the Pope, Sacramental confession, and Sacramental Communion. Up until the protestant revolt, one of those good works used to include almsgiving, but due to issues back then, that has been discontinued.
A pardoner in the Middle Ages was a clerk of the Catholic Church that raised money for the church by selling indulgences. Purchasing indulgences, contrary to popular belief, did not make absolution (forgiveness of sin) for the penitent. Indulgences, rather, were papal documents which excused one from doing penance for sins; that is, purchasing a pardon from performing the correctional punishment which was designed to train a person not to repeat the sin they confessed. In layman's terms, it is a sort of "get out of penance free" card. The Catholic Church has always maintained that to be forgiven of sin, you must confess it, and that when you confess it, you are absolved by the priest. Over time, however, the system began to look somewhat conflated, and underwent heavy criticism during the Reformation period, by both Protestants and Catholics alike, the concern being that selling indulgences began to take on the tone of absolution, which was against Church doctrine.
Roman Catholic AnswerThe Church never sold anything to replace penance. There were some abuses connected with indulgences issued for donations to help repair St. Peter's in Rome, in the sixteenth century, and the indulgences replaced penance, but the Church has never offered them for sale, and due to the abuses, indulgences are now never offered for alms.
Pardoners were people commissioned to sell indulgences. They were not required to be of a specific rank, though many or most were clergy. They were viewed by many people with a great deal of respect, but others, including some important people in the Church, regarded many of them with suspicion, and sought to keep them under control.
Johann Tetzel was perhaps the most famous saleman for indulgences in the 16th century. He worked for Bishop Albert in southern Germany, selling indulgences, (which are documents made by the Catholic Church to give forgiveness of sins and less time in pergatory in exchange for money). He used all kinds of misleading advertising and gimics to sell indulgences, and it was his actions that enraged Martin Luther to write the 95 theses. As for his beliefs, he was a staunch Catholic who probably thought he was doing god's work by selling indulgences to help fund the construction of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.