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Cristamas
The shortest day of the year is the winter solstice which occurs on December 21st. The winter solstice is when the pagan holiday Yule is celebrated. The celebration is the birth of the holly king and is celebrated in a similar fashion as Christmas.
diwali
Columbus day was an official state holiday in Colorado since 1906 and an official federal holiday in 1937, but have been celebrated unofficially since the late 18th century.
Hanukkah. Note that Hanukkah sometimes begins in late November.See also the Related Link.More about Hanukkah
Winter
No, it wasn't that late. The holiday of Christmas was evolving, with its date constantly changing, all through the 300s AD.
Velvet is traditionally worn during holiday months of winter, mainly at Christmas. As a general rule, velvet can be worn from late october until February 15th. This was always a rule growing up in the South, so other areas of the US may have a different rule.
Labor Day was set as the first Monday of September by the Federal Government in 1894. Prior to that it was celebrated in 30 states. The first state was Oregon, which declared it a holiday in 1887.
There are no Jewish festivals specifically tied to the solar calendar or to the winter solstice. The Hebrew calendar is a LUNAR calendar, which is kept (roughly) in synchronization with the solar year by inserting "leap months". The relatively minor holiday of Hannukah is celebrated for eight days beginning on Kislev 25, a date that generally occurs around mid-December, and which occasionally overlaps the northern hemisphere winter solstice on December 21. However, Hannukah can start as early as the first of December, or as late as the 24th of December.
New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Early Spring Holiday, Late Spring Holiday (Whitsun), Late Summer Holiday, Christmas Day and Boxing Day.
If you are asking about Columbus Day, he did not celebrate it. He could not. It did not become a holiday until hundreds of years after he died. In the late 1400s, Columbus would have only celebrated the holidays that existed-- those were generally church holidays, like Christmas, Easter, and holy days honoring Catholic saints.