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They united various Muslim factions, and encouraged Umayyad loyalists to come to Spain. ... They created a strong, unified Muslim kingdom with Cordoba as its capital.What was the basis for Cordoba's greatness under the Umayyads?
The Umayyads are an Arabian tribe that moved from central Arabia to Damascus during the rule of the Caliph Omar to be the leaders of the Damascus Governate. Their authority expanded under Caliph Othman, who was a cousin of the Umayyads.
The political centre of Islam was Damascuss under the Umayyad Caliphate.
They did not. The Umayyads had no accepted religious authority, therefore they could not change Islamic Law or strongly influence it. However, under the Umayyad, the role of the Alim (or scholar) came to the fore as the primary source from which Qur'an could learned.
No. Under the Sunni Umayyads, Shiites were quite strongly discriminated against. After Yazid I martyred Hussein, the Shiites made it their mission in life to oppose every action of the Umayyad dynasty. It did not help matters that the Umayyads tortured and murdered Shiite Imams and Infallibles, leading to irreconcilability between the Shiites and the Umayyads.The anger happened specifically because Umayyads targeted Shiites and Mawali Sunnis (Sunnis who were not Arabs) for violence. They also had issues with control over the vast distances of their empire as well as noble Arab families that resented the Umayyads' rise and wanted power. (One of these rival families was the Abbassids, who would eventually take power from the Umayyads in a coup d'etat.)
Constantine.
Non-Revolters, I guess. There is no particular term for those who accepted the imperial right of the Umayyads. The overwhelming majority of Sunni Muslims did, however, while the overwhelming majority of Shiite Muslims did not. The Sunnis who did not necessarily concede the Umayyads the right to rule were the Mawali or non-Arab Muslims who suffered under Umayyad pro-Arab discrimination.
bcoz she was correct and was willing for greatness of people which was opposite from the present ruler
Cordoba was the greatest cultural center in Europe eventually surpassing even Constantinople. At one time it had over 500,000 occupants, libraries (with thousands of volumes), paved and lighted streets, and baths. It was the destination of all the great philosophers, scientists, mathematicians and thinkers of the day.
operational variables
Self Contained Under Breathing Apparatus
land ownership