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The most important Church of the Middle Ages was the Catholic Church. When it split in 1054, it became the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East. There were always other Churches. The Celtic Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches were very early and all predated the Middle Ages. The Celtic Christian Church was absorbed by the Catholic Church, but the others continue. There were also heterodox organizations outside orthodox Christianity, and some of these were declared heretical, in some cases resulting in military operations.
Eastern Orthodoxy is just as old as Catholicism. Before 1054 there was simply the Church. No separate denominations or anything. Afterwards, the Catholic and Orthodox churches were formed and later differences in tradition and theology arose. For example, the Catholic Pope is infallible, the Orthodox use a different calendar to calculate Easter, and the Orthodox still use tradition Byzantine style when painting their icons. There are many differences and yet both churches hope to reunite someday to restore the Christian faith to it's once universal state.
After the Great Schism, the Byzantine church became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. The west branch was known as the Roman Catholic Church.
Oversimplified, the major unifying force of Europe during the middle ages was universal Christianity (both Roman Catholic and Orthodox) providing an us-vs-them mentality in oppostion to their Islamic foes in the Ottoman Empire, the caliphates (abbasid, fatimid, etc.), the Emirate of Cordoba, and Al-Andulas.
Bibles were copied by a variety of monastic organizations that were especially set up for the purpose, but there was no one group that did this. There was not even one Church that did it. The Book of Kells was a product of a Celtic Orthodox Church that was only loosely affiliated with the Roman Church, and there were other Churches, notably the Oriental Orthodox and Coptic Orthodox Churches, which did copied their own Bibles. After the Great Schism of 1054, the Eastern Orthodox Church maintained bible production in Greek and the Roman Catholic Church did it in Latin.
Orthodox priests could marry, Catholic priests could not.
Whether or not purgatory existed.
Yes, the issue of priestly celibacy is a point of contention between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, married men can become priests, while the Roman Catholic Church requires celibacy for priests. This difference has been a historical source of tension between the two churches.
There is an Orthodox Church and a Catholic Church. There is no Catholic Orthodox Church.
Christianity, Roman Catholic and Orthodox, and Islam
Roman Catholic AnswerThe Catholic would need to apply to his priest for an annulment, I don't know what the regulations are for the Orthodox.
schism.....
Catholic
Catholic Confirmation usually takes place when the young person is between the ages of 12 - 15 years. Orthodox Chrismation usually takes place after the baby is Baptized.
Since you are confirmed Orthodox and married a Greek Orthodox, the Orthodox Church requires that any children you may have should be baptized Orthodox. Also, as an Orthodox, you are not allowed to baptize your nephew or any other person in a catholic church. From the Catholic point of view, unless your nephew is to be reared a Catholic, he may not be baptized in the Catholic Church. If he is to be reared Catholic, either by his parents or godparents, the Church will receive him. No you are GREEK orthodox u must not I reapeat not baptisma your child at a catholic church.
No. You would be Greek Orthodox then.
Orthodox-Catholic Church of America was created in 1892.