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When the Roman Empire was split into two, and the Western Roman Empire was then taken over by the Germanic invaders, for a thousand years Constantinople (ex-Byzantium) was the capital and centre of the Roman (Byzantine) Empire, maintaining the Graeco-Roman civilisation in a Europe degrading into the Dark Age.

It maintained this remnant of civilisation for long enough for the Renaissance in central and Western Europe to begin the long hard road to modern civilisation, until the Byzantine Empire was snuffed out by the Turkish invaders.

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