The last Sultan in name was Mehmed VI (1861-1926) who served from 1918 to 1922 after the defeat of the empire as part of the Central Powers of World War I.
The last imperial ruler was his cousin, His Imperial Majesty The Sultan Abdülmecid II (1868-1944) as Caliph of Islam.
He was named Caliph by the Turkish National Assembly in 1922 after the Sultanate was abolished, but the Caliphate too was abolished in 1924, and he was expelled from the country. The new secular state of Turkey came under the leadership of Mustafa Ataturk as the first President.
Anatolia has had a large number of names across time. You may wish to be specific as to what timeframe you are referring to. The last name Turkey had prior to being called Turkey was the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire was a Turkish Empire and in Turkish is known as Osmanlı İmparatorluğu. This name came from the name of founder, Osman Bey.
the elite soldiers name is Janissary, the protecter of the Ottoman Crown
Turkey
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
It means Patient and it comes from the Ottoman Empire after the name of the Fisrt Ottoman King -
The two countries that started after the breakup of the ottoman empire were Saudi Arabia and Turkey.
D. The Ottoman Empire was the former name for what is now Turkey. The Ottoman dynasty lasted for 623 years until 1st November 1922, when the monarchy was abolished.
It has changed name twice. Byzantium - Constantinople - Istanbul.