They were actually pretty slow. if you listen to or read the transcripts the Lunar Module Pilot is calling at the rates during the entire landing phase so the Commander knows what is happening without having to take his eyes off the lunar surface.
From the transcripts of Apollo 11:
102:44:45 Aldrin: 100 feet, 3 1/2 down, 9 forward. Five percent. Quantity light.
102:44:54 Aldrin: Okay. 75 feet. And it's looking good. Down a half, 6 forward.
102:45:08 Aldrin: 60 feet, down 2 1/2. 2 forward. 2 forward. That's good.
102:45:17 Aldrin: 40 feet, down 2 1/2. Picking up some dust.
102:45:21 Aldrin: 30 feet, 2 1/2 down. (Garbled) shadow.
102:45:25 Aldrin: 4 forward. 4 forward. Drifting to the right a little. 20 feet, down a half.
102:45:40 Aldrin: Contact Light
From that we see
Altitude (ft)
Descent Rate (ft/sec)
100
3.5
75
0.5
60
2.5
40
2.5
30
2.5
20
0.5
Contact
Probably 0.5
This is typical of the other Apollo missions as well, though some landed slightly harder than others.
The fastest the Apollo missions got was on Apollo 10 which got to 24,790 mph on the return trip home. You achieve the highest speed during this portion of the trip due to gravity of Earth helping you accelerate towards itself.
Put a mirror on the moon and shine a laser on it and time how long it takes for the beam to be reflected back. You know the speed of light so can work out the round trip distance. Apollo astronauts did leave a mirror on the moon. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/experiments/lrr/
Because of the speed of reentry, it was easier to land on the water than on land.
Like all Lunar Module Pilots, Alan Bean was responsible for passing information in the form of speed and elevation to the Commander, Pete Conrad, who actually landed the lunar module. After the landing, the LMP was responsible for unloading the experiments and carrying them to a level place in front of the lunar module so they could be deployed. The Commander was responsible for helping to deploy some of the experiments. After the experiments were deployed, the 2 men worked together to document and collect rock and soil samples. Apollo 12 landed about 600 feet from the Surveyor 3 spacecraft which landed on the moon 30 months prior to Apollo 12. Apollo 12's main mission was to prove that a pinpoint landing could be made on the lunar surface. This was important in planning future missions.
On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 lunar module, codenamed "Eagle" became the first manned vehicle to land on the moon. Aboard Eagle were Mission Commander, Neil Armstrong, and Lunar Module Pilot, Buzz Aldrin. Although Aldrin had the title of Lunar Module Pilot, it was actually Armstrong who had controls of the lunar module during descent and landing. Aldrin's job was to inform Armstrong of such things as their speed and elevation and descent rate and remaining fuel. Approximately 6 hours after touchdown, Armstrong became the first human to walk on the moon.
The fastest the Apollo missions got was on Apollo 10 which got to 24,790 mph on the return trip home. You achieve the highest speed during this portion of the trip due to gravity of Earth helping you accelerate towards itself.
Put a mirror on the moon and shine a laser on it and time how long it takes for the beam to be reflected back. You know the speed of light so can work out the round trip distance. Apollo astronauts did leave a mirror on the moon. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/experiments/lrr/
Earth Orbit: 17,500 mph Trans Lunar Injection: 24,000 mph Speed entering Lunar Gravitation Influence: 2,200 mph
Because of the speed of reentry, it was easier to land on the water than on land.
Like all Lunar Module Pilots, Alan Bean was responsible for passing information in the form of speed and elevation to the Commander, Pete Conrad, who actually landed the lunar module. After the landing, the LMP was responsible for unloading the experiments and carrying them to a level place in front of the lunar module so they could be deployed. The Commander was responsible for helping to deploy some of the experiments. After the experiments were deployed, the 2 men worked together to document and collect rock and soil samples. Apollo 12 landed about 600 feet from the Surveyor 3 spacecraft which landed on the moon 30 months prior to Apollo 12. Apollo 12's main mission was to prove that a pinpoint landing could be made on the lunar surface. This was important in planning future missions.
On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 lunar module, codenamed "Eagle" became the first manned vehicle to land on the moon. Aboard Eagle were Mission Commander, Neil Armstrong, and Lunar Module Pilot, Buzz Aldrin. Although Aldrin had the title of Lunar Module Pilot, it was actually Armstrong who had controls of the lunar module during descent and landing. Aldrin's job was to inform Armstrong of such things as their speed and elevation and descent rate and remaining fuel. Approximately 6 hours after touchdown, Armstrong became the first human to walk on the moon.
Apollo 10 holds the record for the highest speed attained by a manned vehicle (39, 897 kph). Apollo 10 was the first mission broadcast in colour from space. The lunar module for Apollo 10 is still in space (orbiting the sun) - all the others crashed into the moon or burnt up in the Earth's atmosphere.
12000 lunar orbits is a distance, not a speed, therefore it's not the speed of light.
It depends on the aircraft. The average speed of a Cessna at touchdown is lower than the average speed of an Airbus 380. 200 KM average or it may be less if pilot is expertise.
1400m/sec
The descent starts on the far side of the moon, which puts the lunar module about 50,000 feet above the lunar surface at the landing site. After orbiting the moon one more time, the astronauts begin a 7 minute burn down to the surface of the moon itself. From the first firing of their engine to touchdown is apporximately 135 minutes.
The Apollo missions to the Moon took about 5 days to go there and back. so to Mars and back at roughly the same speed at its closest, is about 150 times further than the Moon so 5 days times 150 = 750 days rougly (about 2 years)