Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire.
The underlying premise of the question is incorrect. The Byzantine Empire never converted to Islam and Islam was, by and large, illegal within the Byzantine Empire for as long as it existed. The reason why the territory formerly controlled by the Byzantine Empire became Muslim-majority was because it was conquered by various Islamic States such as the Rashidun Caliphate, the Umayyad Caliphate, the Seljuq Turkish Empire, and the Ottoman Empire (which finished the job).
I assume the you are asking within the time of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and the Umayyad Caliphs. Asia Minor at that time was held by the Byzantine Empire which was more capable of defending the Anatolian highlands than was the Arab cavalry at taking it.
The word for foreigners was barbarian, which the Romans borrowed from the Greeks. Before the extension of Roman citizenship to all the freeborn in the whole empire by the emperor Caracalla in 212 BC, the non-Romans who lived within the empire were called provinciales. This term indicated those who did not have Roman citizenship, but as subjects of the empire, enjoyed some legal rights in Roman law.
Mali possessed "port cities" along the Niger River such as Jenne and Timbuktu which flouirshed both commercially and culturally.
Georgia within the Russian Empire ended in 1918.
Georgia within the Russian Empire was created in 1801.
its something u do that creates change
Studying citizenship is important because it helps individuals understand their rights, responsibilities, and roles within a society. It also promotes a sense of social cohesion, civic engagement, and active participation in a democracy. Additionally, studying citizenship encourages multicultural understanding and appreciation of diverse perspectives within a community.
Once you have citizenship within the United States, you are not going to be deported. If something were to happen or say your Visa ran out (if that is what you are on), you could be deported back to your home country.
He wanted to maintain peace, stability and prosperity within his empire. When the Greek cities within his empire revolted, and the Greek city-states outside his empire supported them, he decided to bring those external cities within his empire so that, under a Persian provincial governor, they would no longer disrupt the Empire.
Attempting to organise security and prosperity within the empire.
An empire would normally control all resources within its jurisdiction