Athens had turned the Greek anti-Persian League it led into an empire after peace was made with Persia.
Buoyed up by its dominant fleet financed by the empire, and its impregnable walls, it interfered in the affairs of cities of the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. This came to a head when it set out to financially cripple its neighbour, Megara, a member of the League. Athens refused to back down and war ensued.
Rome and Athens relied on slaves for most of the work - farming, grazing, household, construction, mining. Perhaps two thirds of the populations were slaves. Sparta was different - it had serfs, people who were free but tied to their land, who had to deliver half their produce to the state. Athens and Sparta both used their slaves/serfs as light infantry in war.
Sparta had a strong military reputation in Ancient Greece. Despite the city not being democratic like Athens many philosophers from Athens believed that the Spartans had a better system of government than their own. Sparta had a more stable system and an army that could out drill, out march and out fight any other army in Greece. All male citizens were equals and there was no real division between rich and poor. Sparta is located in a fertile valley protected by nature by the mountains that surround her. Also because the men were often away at war, the women of Sparta were more free than their counterparts in other city-states including Athens.
The were not always enemies. They were when Persia invaded mainland Greece 480-479 BCE. Yet during the war between Athens and its allies and Sparta and its allies (431-404 BCE) the Persians provided the money for Sparta to raise a fleet to match the dominant Athenian one, resulting in Athens' final defeat. Necessity and opportunity make strange bedfellows.
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In "The Rivalry" by John Feinstein, the conflict primarily revolves around the intense rivalry between Duke University and the University of North Carolina basketball teams. The book delves into the history and passion behind this enduring rivalry, exploring the personal stories of players, coaches, and fans involved. It highlights the competitive nature of the two programs and the impact of this rivalry on college basketball culture.
In ancient Greece, Sparta was more powerful. While Athens focused more on literature, Spartan children went to school to train for war. They went through multiple hard tests like stepping on needles and fighting each other.
It was Greek nature to be territorial and combative. They fought themselves and others throughout their history. In particular, they fought the Persians in two wars in the early fifth century B.C.E. (490 and 480) and then sparked a Greek "world" war between Athens and Sparta in the late fifth century (432-404 B.C.E.).
Cities in Ancient Greece included Athens, Sparta, and Corinth. These cities were often surrounded by smaller towns and villages that were more rural in nature. The countryside around these urban centers was important for agriculture and provided resources for the city-dwellers.
Newspapers played a significant role in fueling the rivalry between political parties by often aligning themselves with a specific party and promoting their viewpoints while criticizing the opposing party. This led to the spread of biased information and propaganda, further polarizing the public and exacerbating the tensions between the parties. The sensationalist nature of reporting sometimes exaggerated or misrepresented issues, amplifying the divisiveness between the parties.
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The Beowulf trophy is an award granted by the National Football League (NFL) to the winner of the annual game between the Minnesota Vikings and the Detroit Lions. The trophy is a sculpture symbolizing the epic tale of Beowulf, reflecting the fierce and competitive nature of the rivalry between the two teams.
The rivalry between the groups in "Lord of the Flies" is depicted as a struggle for power, control, and survival rather than a game. The conflict escalates due to underlying tensions, fear, and the boys' descent into savagery, ultimately leading to violence and tragedy. It serves as a commentary on the darker aspects of human nature when societal norms and structures are removed.