from Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980
Crusades. The military expeditions undertaken by Christians in the eleventh through fourteenth centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Moslems. The name comes from the cross that the crusaders bore on their clothing. There were eight principal Crusades: the first (1096-99) and the eight (1270). However, the term is also applied in a wider sense to all expeditions blessed by the Church against heretics and infidels. (Etym. French croisade; Spanish cruzada; Latin cruciata, a marking with the cross.) All of the history you have heard about the Crusades is so much hogwash:
from Seven Lies About Catholic History, by Diane Moczar
Unprovoked Muslim aggression in the seventh century brought large parts of the southern Byzantine Empire, including Syria, the Holy Land, and Egypt under Arab rule. Christians who survived the conquests found themselves subject to a special poll tax and discriminated against as an inferior class known as dhimmi. Often their churches were destroyed and other harsh conditions imposed. For centuries their complaints had been reaching Rome, but Europe was having its own Dark Age of massive invasion, and nothing could be done to relieve the plight of eastern Christians.
By the eleventh century, under the rule of a new Muslim dynasty, conditions worsened. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher, site of the Crucifixion was destroyed, along with a large number of other churches, and Christian pilgrims were massacred. In 1067 a group of seven thousand peaceful German pilgrims lost two-thirds of their number to Muslim assaults. By this time the popes, including St. Gregory VII, were actively trying to rally support for relief of eastern Christians, though without success. It was not until the very end of the century, in 1095, that Pope Urban's address at Clermont in France met with a response-though not quite the one he had hoped for. But the response was what we now call the First Crusade.
"The general consensus of opinion among medievalists . . . is that the Crusades were military expeditions organized by the peoples of Western Christendom, notably the Normans and the French, under the leadership of the Roman Popes, for the recover of the Holy Places from their Muslim masters." This seems to sum up most neatly what the Crusades really were and how their participants actually viewed them. The Crusades were not colonialist or commercial ventures, they were not intended to force Christianity on Jews and Muslims, and they were not the projects of individual warlords. Their primary goal, in addition to the defense of the Eastern Empire, was the recovery of the Holy Land for Christendom, and they acknowledged the leadership of the Popes. As French historian Louis Brehier wrote, 'the popes alone understood the menace of Islam's progress for christian civilization.'"
The initial motivation for the Crusades was to rescue Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks. This would allow Christians to regained access to the Holy Land.
The primary cause of the Crusades was for the Christians to win back the "Holy Land."
On the face of it, the primary motivation of the Crusades was to restore the Holy Land to Christian control. It had numerous other reasons such as: preventing the fall of the Byzantine Empire, riches and travel for sheltered Europeans, permission to murder openly, heroism and chivalry, and loyalty to their liege and country.
Nothing this
selfish motivation lead to political powers.
To convert the Muslims to Christianity. Maccas is cool jews are mystical beings
selfish motivation lead to political powers.
The major religions in conflict during the Crusades were Christianity and Islam. The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated by Christians to recapture holy lands in the Eastern Mediterranean from Muslim rule. The primary motivation for these conflicts was the desire to control key religious sites, particularly Jerusalem, which was sacred to both religions.
economic hardship
In the late 1400's and early 1500's, the primary motivation for the European voyages of exploration was
An opportunity to learn new experiences.
america
Better turning ability