The term coined by Rousseau suggesting that people were essentially good when they lived under the rules of nature is called "the state of nature." Rousseau believed that in this state, individuals were inherently moral and only became corrupted by society and civilization.
According to Jean Jacques Rousseau, the book that is intelligible to all mankind is the book of nature. He believed that nature reveals truths that can be understood by everyone, regardless of their background or education.
Rousseau believed that human nature is fundamentally good but is corrupted by society and civilization. He argued that in a state of nature, humans are pure and self-sufficient, but as they form societies, they become selfish and competitive due to the influence of societal structures.
In Rousseau's state of nature, freedom is the ability to act according to one's own will without being subject to the will of others. This freedom is based on individuals being in a state of equality, where they are not bound by social constraints or dependencies. Rousseau believed that in the state of nature, individuals are free to express their natural impulses and desires without interference from external forces.
Rousseau thought society was greater than the individual. Through the individual's involvement in society, one could succeed. He believed that humans were rational (like Locke) and believed in a state of nature. Now, a state of nature is the imaginative idea of a world without government. We would still have a modern society but not an government. With that in mind, Rousseau believed human beings would be rational and run society for the greater good if a state of nature existed.Also, Rousseau also criticized Hobbes often for his idea that humans were naturally greedy people, and that Hobbes' idea could not be rationally used in the state of nature.
Rousseau can be seen as both an optimist and a pessimist. While he believed in the innate goodness of human nature and the potential for individuals to live harmoniously in state of nature, he was also critical of society and its corrupting influence on individuals. Rousseau's philosophical works often reflected a mix of optimism about human potential and pessimism about the state of civilization.
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Read: Discourse on Inequality, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau believed that humans are inherently good, compassionate, and peaceful in their natural state. He argued that it is society and its institutions that corrupt individuals, leading to competition, inequality, and conflict. Rousseau's philosophy centered on the idea that returning to a more simple and harmonious way of living could help restore humanity's natural goodness.
Read: Discourse on Inequality, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Because Hobbes Locke and Rousseau likes to watch Avatar.
Hobbes believed the state of nature to be a state of war and chaos, where life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." He saw the social contract as necessary to establish a sovereign authority to maintain order. Locke viewed the state of nature more positively, as a state of natural rights and freedom, and believed the social contract existed to protect these rights. Rousseau saw the state of nature as peaceful and harmonious, with the social contract as a means to protect individual liberties while promoting the common good.
The phrase "state of nature" was coined by the philosopher Thomas Hobbes in his seminal work "Leviathan" in 1651. He used it to describe the hypothetical condition of humanity before the establishment of civil society and government.
Nature
According to Jean Jacques Rousseau, the book that is intelligible to all mankind is the book of nature. He believed that nature reveals truths that can be understood by everyone, regardless of their background or education.
Rousseau expressed his education theory in his novel "Emile." In the novel, he advocated for a form of education that focused on the natural development of the child, promoting learning through experience and allowing children to learn at their own pace with minimal adult intervention. He believed in the importance of cultivating a child's natural instincts and abilities rather than imposing rigid structures or strict discipline.
nature's way is superior to humanity's way