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Leading causes of mortality among Filipinos as of 1997?
The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade where enslaved Africans were transported to the Americas. The conditions on these ships were horrific, with overcrowding, disease, and maltreatment leading to high mortality rates among the enslaved Africans. This exploitation and trauma had a devastating impact on the African people, resulting in the loss of lives, destruction of families, and lasting psychological and emotional scars.
The dislocation of Africans through the transatlantic slave trade led to a decentering among some enslaved Africans by breaking their connections to their cultural and social structures, creating a sense of displacement and loss of identity. This forced displacement often resulted in the development of new forms of community and resistance as enslaved individuals sought to find connections and meaning in their new environments.
Sickle cell anemia is found in Africans. It is thought to have evolved to help prevent malaria mortality.
When enslaved Africans ran away from sugar plantations, it disrupted the labor force, impacting the productivity and profitability of the plantation owners. It also raised concerns about future rebellions and resistance among the enslaved population, leading to increased surveillance and control measures. Additionally, it highlighted the brutal conditions and exploitation that prompted enslaved individuals to risk escape despite the severe consequences.
The high mortality rates among indigenous populations due to diseases brought by Europeans led to the shift towards African labor on plantations. Africans were also seen as a more reliable source of labor due to their perceived immunity to certain diseases and experience with agriculture. Additionally, the Atlantic slave trade provided a large supply of enslaved Africans for labor in the Americas.
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Brutal physical punishments such as whipping, branding, and mutilation were common forms of discipline. Insufficient food and poor living conditions resulted in malnutrition and disease among enslaved Africans. Families were often separated through sale, causing emotional trauma and disrupting social bonds.
Enslaved Africans created creole languages as a means of communication among themselves and with other ethnic groups, overcoming language barriers imposed by slavery. Creole languages were a fusion of African languages, European languages, and indigenous languages, reflecting the diverse linguistic backgrounds of the enslaved population. Eventually, creole languages became symbolic of resistance and cultural identity among enslaved communities.
In New Amsterdam, Africans and indigenous people were among those who became enslaved. African slaves were brought to the colony to work on farms, in households, and in other labor-intensive roles. Indigenous people were also captured and enslaved by European settlers.
The colony were Africans among the first colonists was South Carolina.
The colony were Africans among the first colonists was South Carolina.