The Greek city-stated did not have a 'victory' - they wore down over 50 years the Persian resolve to establish peace in the eastern Mediterranean by incorporating all the mainland Greek city-states into their empire in order to control their hostile activities. After 50 years, the Persians gave up and left the Greek cities to go back to their habitual fighting amongst themselves.
The factors of this Greek success against Persia were:
Setting aside their habitual fighting between each other and uniting at crucial periods of the 50-year struggle against Persia.
Superiority in naval strategy and tactics.
Coordination of land and sea power at crucial periods.
Being the underdog drove them to desperate defence.
It was not a Greek who conquered Asia Minor and the Persian Empire, it was the Macedonian king Alexander the Great
The breakaway of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor, the rise of Macedonia and its conquest of Persia.
Greek cities interfered in the Persian Empire in support of the Greek cities within the Empire. This led the Persians to think that the only way for peace was to absorb the Greek cities into the Empire. A fifty-year war ensued.
He was Macedonian, not Greek - Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia.
The Greek city-state of Athens emerged as the victor in the naval Battle of Salamis during the Greco-Persian Wars. Led by Themistocles, the Athenian fleet defeated the Persian navy, which was under the command of King Xerxes I. The victory at Salamis was a significant turning point in the war and helped secure Greek independence from the Persian Empire.
It removed the Persian attempt to incorporate the Greek city-states into the Persian Empire.
It was not a Greek who conquered Asia Minor and the Persian Empire, it was the Macedonian king Alexander the Great
The conflict led to ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia's takeover of the Persian Empire.
The Persian Empire versus coalitions of Greek city-states led first by Sparta, then by Athens.
The breakaway of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor, the rise of Macedonia and its conquest of Persia.
The Macedonian Greek Empire of Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and incorporated all of its lands.
The Persian Empire and a coalition of Greek city-states.
The Persian Empire versus varying combinations of Greek city-states.
The Greek city-states occupied by, or threatened by, expansion of the Persian Empire in the eastern Mediterranean littoral.
There was no Greek empire - the Greek world was a collection of over 2,000 independent city-states. King Alexander of Macedonia took controp of the mainland Greek cities, then invaded the Persian Empire and took it over.
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Internal revolution, including by the Greek city-states and Egypt. The threat and then actuality of invasion by Macedonia.