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These were fees and taxes that could be paid in 3 forms: Money, in kind, with labor. Even peasants who owned land were not excused from the feudal dues. On top of that another source of income was the rent that the lord could charge. What are feudal dues? Taxes and fees (cens, an annual property tax paid to the lord of the manor. Champart, a tax that was paid in kind.
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What is a feudal dues?
fees peasants paided the nobles during the Crusades
What unfair conditions existed in pre- revolutionary France?
1. The first and second estates were exempt from most taxes (taille, or land tax), while the third estate was not 2. The third estate was forced to pay feudal dues to the nobles and the king 3. There was no redress for the land damage of the third estate homes 4. The higher estates banned hunting that was necessary for survival among the people of the third estate
What is freedom dues?
When an indentured servant was done serving his term with his "master" in the New World, the master gave him Freedom Dues. They consisted of land, possessions, and/or money. This was part of the agreement of the indentured servant's term.
What kind of government did Europe have in the 1400s?
Europe has never had one government. Europe is a conintent made up of many countries, each with their own governments of varying types. In the 1400s the modern concept of the nation state had not yet developed. The 1400s were the feudal period in Europe. Most governments were feudal monarchies. This was a multi-layered system of government by hereditary rulers. A king did not have absolute rule, but the had 'allegiance' of lower level nobles who paid him 'dues' (taxes) and provided soldiers if needed. These feudal layers overlapped and changed, so an area could change from being a feudal subject of in one country, to being independent, to being part of another country without changing its local feudal lord. There were also a number of republics. These were mostly in what is now Italy (examples: Florence, Venice). In most cases the vote was hereditary and only a minority of the population had a vote. In the east some of the kingdoms were still of a tribal nature, feudalism not having developed yet.
What were the causes of the French revolution of 1830?
Answer 1Problem #1: Money-by 1787 the French government was bankrupt over 400 million livres in debt the 1st and 2nd estates refused to pay taxesProblem #2: Bad Harvest-1787-1788 had terrible weather, heavy rain, hard winters, too hot summers peasants and farmers make smaller incomes or lose their jobs completely because of inflation*King Louis calls estate general in 1789 and for the first time since 1614 members equally divide among the three states*King hopes the Estates general will approve new taxes but nobles and clergy want to continue their privileged lifestyles*Middle class wants democracy while the peasants just want solutions to their problems*Deputies of the third estate declare a national assembly "tennis court oath"In addition, the Enlightenment and the American Revolution also brought about the French Revolution. Ideas and writings of Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau became more widespread. The success of the Americans to overthrow the British also encouraged the French to fight for freedom and liberty. Of the multitude of causes that prompted the French to revolt against their government, famine, an unresponsive government, and government oppression, dominate the historical record. Years of inclement weather across the European continent had caused repeated crop failures resulting in a series of famines that enveloped the nation. In complete disregard of this condition, the ruling class continued to enjoy the privilege and plenty reserved for the upper classes and did little to relieve the plight of the starving common people. When the more vocal of the disaffected that spoke out against the monarchy they were arrested and imprisoned. As conditions worsened even harsher measures were imposed to control increasing unruly commoners. Finally hostilities erupted when police lost control of a street mob in Paris that stormed the hated central prison and freed the imprisoned. Control of government apparatus was ripped from the royals and revolutionaries, inspired by the idea of "natural rights" asserted in the Americans' Declaration of Independence, then set the nation on a course to create a classless society.Answer 2A few of the many causes of the French Revolution were:1. Bad Harvests- There weren't much food and when there was, the price was very expensive.2. High taxes on the Third Estate- The Third Estate is composed of peasants and middle class worker.3. Government financesAnswer 3The French Revolution was caused by many things. The biggest was the economy; after the war on England, the treasury was nearly empty but the monarchy was still spending beyond its means. Then there was an extremely bad harvest that drove up the price of bread; its price went up the it went up to being worth a week's wages because Louis XVI got nervous and bought 2/3 of the flour in the market. This significantly angered the people. As this misfortune occurred, the public believed the Queen was misspending massively for herself, putting distrust into the monarchy. The last important reason, the young king tried to show leadership and implemented economic reforms that pretty much crippled the country.After enduring this for about a year the people storm the major prison and steal arms and move to conquer the King and end up stealing his bread and outher goodsAnswer 4It was caused by the social changes. Middle class began to ask for a greater political role. Peasants wanted freedom also.There was a economic slump due to the bad harvests.The french government and upper classes proved incapable of reform.Answer 5Socio-economic causes:The French society was organized into the system of estates.Peasants made up about 90% of the population. Only a small number of them owned the land they cultivated. Had to pay tithes to the church and taille to the state.Nobles, the Church and other richer members of the third estate owned about 60% of the land.The members of the first two estates, that is, the clergy and the nobility, enjoyed certain privileges by birth, like tax exemption and feudal dues from the peasants.In 1774 upon accession the new king found an empty treasury.Cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.American war of independence and increase in debt from 1 billion livres to 2 billion livres.Cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities, the state was forced to increase taxes on the members of the third estate.Increase in Population:The population of France rose from about 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789.Production of grains could not keep pace with the growing demand.Price of bread rose, which was a staple diet of the majority.The wages did not keep pace with the rising prices.Things became worse whenever drought or hail reduced the harvest. This lead to subsistence crisis.Emergence of Middle Class:The 18th century witnessed the rise of educated middle class, who earned their wealth through an expanding overseas trade and from manufacture of goods such as woolen and silk textiles.This class included professions such as lawyers or administrative officials.These were educated an believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth, rather a persons social position must depend on his merit.Role of philosophers:Ideas of freedom and equal laws, opportunities for all were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.They refuted the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch.Immediate cause:The treasury was empty. The monarch under the Old regime did not have the power to impose new taxes.He had to call a meeting of the Estates General, which was a political body consisting of representatives of the three estates.Voting in past had been conducted according to the principle of one vote for each estate. This time the members of the third assembly demanded voting to be conducted by the assembly as a whole. Where each member would have one vote.The king rejected the proposal and the members of the third walked out of the assembly in protest. They declared themselves a National Assembly, and swore not to disperse till they had drafted a constitution for France that would limit the powers of the monarch.A huge national debt, high taxes and a broken tax code and a lack of bread.poor harvest (severe drought and worst winter in 100 years affected them because there was no food stored) and massive debt ( high loans, half of the budget went to interest, a fourth went to the military, and 6% went to the king and Queen)ECONOMIC CONDITIONS - The population of France rose from about 23 million in 1915 to 28 million in 1989. This increases demand for grains. The production of grains could not keep pace with rise in population. So, the price of bread which was the staple diet of poor rose rapidly. Most workers were employed as labourers in workshops whose owner fixed their wages. The wages did not keep pace with rice in prices. So, gap between rich and poor widened. This lead to subsistence crises.the main causes for french revolution were:1.despotic rule of louis 162.division of french society3.rising prices4.inspiration of philosophers5.role of middle classActually one of the principle causes was the example of the American Revolution. Extreme poverty and hardship in France led to a hatred of the ruling class by the lower social classes.The French aristocracy was one of the most despotic, self-serving and cruel in history. The ancient Romans were more enlightened. The American Revolution was the first successful revolt against colonial domination by the European powers. And it showed the way for a wave of revolutionary uprisings in Latin America.The Bastille was a fortress/prison that loomed over Paris and was the site of many executions and long imprisonments. But when the Bastille was stormed by the Paris mob, there were only four old men imprisoned there.Eighteenth-century French society was divided into "Three Estates", where each individual's estate marked his status and determined legal rights and taxes. The First Estate was the clergy, the Second Estate the nobility, and the Third Estate, all the other people of France. An interesting thing to keep in mind is that the wealthier people of the Third Estate were able to upgrade themselves into the Second Estate by purchasing land that conferred noble title or an ennobling office. Here is where an important class tension lies: only the very rich members of the Third Estate could buy their way into nobility. Thus the poorer workers/commoners were trapped to their ranks.Now, how was this class tension exacerbated? Propaganda. Looking at a historical timeline, one sees that the French Revolution opportunely came very close after the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment had changed the world of public debate, and ideas were given the spotlight in revealing grievances. Plus, the Enlightenment also established some ideas central to the French Revolution. Voltaire attacked noble privileges, Locke and Montesquieu defended limited sovereignty. This circulation of ideas also played a key part in building up tension for the French Revolution.Another key component of the French Revolution was the peasants. Peasants were tangled in taxes and fees: a tithe or levy on farm produce owed to the church, fees for the use of a landlord's mill or wine press, fees to the landlord, and fees was sold/bought. There was also the notorious salt tax at the time, of which the peasants paid a very disproportionate share. And to worsen this condition, there was a general price increase. Many families had to spend more than 50 percent of their income on bread in 1788, and then up to 80 percent the following year.The last key cause of the French Revolution was Louis XVI's incompetency. France's absolutist monarch wished to improve the lifestyle of the poor and shift the burden of taxation, yet he was not able to put these reforms into effect. He appointed reformers such as Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (a philosopher) and Jacques Necker (a Swiss Protestant banker) to try to convince his court about these reforms, but the only thing created was opposition among the traditionalist factions in the court. The Paris parlement was steadfast in their rejection of the nobility having to pay taxes (for they believed in maintaining ancient privileges and rules0. Louis XVI also allowed Marie Antoinette, his wife, to give patronage to her friends, yet this only resulted in constantly changing alliances in Versailles.To summarize it all, the four key causes of the French Revolution are as follows:A divisive class system (especially to the lower class).The spreading of revolutionary ideasThe preposterous taxes and fees that the peasantry had to pay.The inability of King Louis XVI to reform his own nation.
Who abolished tithes and feudal dues?
The feudal system along with its tithes and dues was abolished in France by the August Decrees adopted by the National Constituent Assembly in 1789. This happened after the fall of the Bastille as part of the French Revolution.
What is a feudal dues?
fees peasants paided the nobles during the Crusades
What were the burdens of the peasants in the French Revolution?
Peasants suffered under the burden of higher taxes during the French Revolution. Peasants suffered social, economic,and political inequalities. Peasants suffered from out-of-date feudal dues that were being collected with renewed vigor, leading up to the Revolution.
Which of the three estates' main income was feudal dues?
The Second Estate.
What is the French word for militia dues?
Cotisations des milices.
Is dues ex human revolution good?
Like YAH!!!!! its awesome its around the year 2022 and your half man half machine!
What are senior dues for?
they dues for studing
When did Sound Dues end?
Sound Dues ended in 1857.
When was Sound Dues created?
Sound Dues was created in 1429.
When was Paid Dues created?
Paid Dues was created in 2006.
What taxes did french peasants pay?
The french peasants paid royal taxes, tithes to the church, and manorial dues to the lords
What do union members get in return for their union dues. Are any dues used toward retirement and other benefits?
Members get membership rights - they can vote for union officials, run for union office, attend meetings, vote on contract ratification. FOlks in a bargaining unit who pay no dues (free riders) don't get any of that. Everyone in the unit gets represented during contract negotiation, and grievances. Dues also pay for union lobbying and political contributions. Almost no unions use dues to fund retirement, that has become an employer-paid benefit. Dues and assessments are amassed for a strike fund.
