Antoine-Henri Johmini served as a staff officer with Napoleon. After he left the French army he decided to begin a career as an author of military history and strategies. In general, his goal was to create a scientific approach to the art of war. Much of this knowledge he gained form being on the military staff of Napoleon.
The name of his book was - Traité des grandes operations militaires (Treatise on Major Military Operations)
Military theorist Henri Jomini completed over twenty seven volumes of work based on the history of warfare and its tactics and strategies. He covered the military events surrounding Napoleon, Frederick the Great along with the wars associated with the French Revolution.
Both military theorists, Clausewitz and Johmini wrote about the Napoleonic era wars, their publications contained significant differences. Clausewitz is almost in a metaphysical mode in his publication of ON War. He assumes the reader is already familiar with Henri Johmini. Johmini expressed his view on the geometrical rules for warfare. With that said, perhaps the most significant differences between them were their views on the relative power of offensive and defense. Clausewitz clearly emphasizes the power of tactical defense, while Johmini leans toward tactical offensives.
After the publication of his Treatise on Grand Operations, Johmini received a recommendation from his patron and joined the headquarters of Napoleon in France. There he received a promotion by Napoleon to colonel and was present on Napoleon's campaigns at Jena and Eylan. Jomini, however remained a staff person and longed for a position of command. None was available in the French army so he resigned and was able to secure a generalship in Russia. He saw no action however, so he returned to France to continue his publication career.
The primary early 19th century military theorists Henri Johmini and Carl von Clausewitz had similar but not exactly the same ideas on military strategies and tactics. Their similarity comes from the fact that both of them had a keen interest in the military campaign of Frederick the Great. Also, each had personal experiences in the Napoleonic War Era. And, lastly, they learned from each other by reading each other's books.
Military theorist Henri Jomini's works on Napoleonic Era warfare was written in French, however, many Union generals had read translations of Jomini's ideas on warfare. One of Johmini's ideas about battles found a home in the thinking of many Union generals. One such idea was that Johmini advised one great offensive action centered on one theater of war. Theaters during the US Civil War were huge. Also, due to the tactical defensive nature of Confederate General Robert E. Lee and other Southern generals, the "one great effort" to destroy an enemy army within a single theater of war proved virtually impossible for Union generals.
Johmini's first book on warfare was titled A Treatise on Grand Operations in 1804. He needed a patron however, and Marshal Michel Ney of France provided that for Johmini.
For the most part, the Confederate generals in the US Civil War adhered to the ideas on warfare as articulated by military theorist Henri Johmini. For example, the Confederates, were for the most part clearly focused on their objectives. They conducted offensive operations that were in line with Johmini. These operations focused on concentrations of force, economy of force, interior lines and unity of command.The Northern generals recognized Johmini,however, the South was more faithful to Johmini's ideas.
One major difference between Carl Von Clausewitz and Henri Johmini is the fact that Clausewitz writes more on how politics and military strategies are linked. Johmini tends to shy away from this angle of warfare and is more concerned with purely military tactics and strategy. As an aside, Vladimir Lenin studied Clausewitz because Clausewitz speaks to what Lenin wanted to learn. That being how military strategies and political goals are inter related.
Henri Johmini's last publication on warfare was titled Summary of the Art of War. In this last publication, Johmini reversed his usual point of view. In this publication, Johmini spoke only in generalizations, not on specifics. Historians claim he did this as he assumed all readers were already familiar with his earlier works.
Military theorist Henri Jomini completed over twenty seven volumes of work based on the history of warfare and its tactics and strategies. He covered the military events surrounding Napoleon, Frederick the Great along with the wars associated with the French Revolution.
Both military theorists, Clausewitz and Johmini wrote about the Napoleonic era wars, their publications contained significant differences. Clausewitz is almost in a metaphysical mode in his publication of ON War. He assumes the reader is already familiar with Henri Johmini. Johmini expressed his view on the geometrical rules for warfare. With that said, perhaps the most significant differences between them were their views on the relative power of offensive and defense. Clausewitz clearly emphasizes the power of tactical defense, while Johmini leans toward tactical offensives.
The writings of military theorist Henri Johmini were long and strong ones. As late as 1910, as WW 1 was approaching, British commander F. N. Maude was praising Johmini's ideas even though they were written over 100 years before Maude's time. Maude believed that the use of interior lines tactics were as valuable in the Napoleonic Era as they were in the 20th century.
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Antoine-Henri Jomini was born on March 6, 1779.