If any galaxies actually collided on August 16, 2011, we won't know about it for some unknown number of millions of years, as the light of the collision reaches us.
If we have just today observed that two distant galaxies appear to be colliding, then they collided some number of millions of years AGO, and the light of the event has just reached us.
Bigger galaxies. And stars.
They collided with another galaxy
An irregular galaxy is a galaxy that doesn't have a specific shape like a pinwheel or an elliptical galaxy.
To the best knowledge, there are an infinite number of galaxies, which means they don't have names!
Not if, not even when: galactic collisions are very,very common. Rarely the galaxies will just pass through the others; more often they will result in some combination of merging and then tossing out the matter that lies at the gravitational perifery.
Yes. See related question.
Elliptical, Irregular, and Spiral
M87 is one of the most prominent galaxies followed by the elliptical galaxy Messier 49.
There aren't really any other names for a galaxy that I can think of, but there are galaxy classifications, such as spiral galaxies (that can rotate either clockwise or counter-clockwise), elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies.
Canis Major Dwarf and Small Magellanic Cloud are irregular satellite galaxies of the Milky Way.The two irregular galaxies that orbit the Milky Way are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.
Essentially, yes. It is possible our galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy (our sister galaxy) collided once before, and are likely to collide again. Over the age of the universe that would be two collisions within 20 billion years. So, not especially frequent.We can see galaxies in the process of colliding now, and others that "recently" collided. A galactic collision occurs over the space of millions of years, depending upon their relative speeds.
The Black Eye galaxy. Bode's galaxy.