There was the school of Hillel and the school of Shammai. We mostly follow the school of Hillel but some laws are an compromise of the two.
Synagogues and Temples.
Nathan T. Lopes Cardozo has written: 'The infinite chain' -- subject(s): Bible, Criticism, interpretation, Tradition (Judaism) 'Judaism on trial' -- subject(s): Orthodox Judaism, Judaism
The closest there is to a 'current leader' in Judaism is the Chief Rabbinate of Israel, that gives the 'most authoritative' interpretation of the law; precisely how authoritative it is, however, is a matter for a 'characteristic divergence of opinions' to put it simply, in Judaism :)Answer:Judaism hasn't had a single leader for two thousand years, let alone a current one. Each Jewish community has its own Rabbi or Rabbis. Answer:There is no "current leader" in Judaism as Judaism is not a centralised religion.
Menachem Fisch has written: 'Rational rabbis' -- subject(s): Criticism, interpretation, Judaism and science, Talmud, Talmud Torah (Judaism)
Christine Elizabeth Hayes has written: 'The Emergence of Judaism' 'The emergence of Judaism' -- subject(s): Origin, Talmud, Rabbinical literature, Judaism, Bible, Criticism, interpretation, History and criticism, History
David Charles Kraemer has written: 'Exploring Judaism' -- subject(s): Criticism, interpretation, Judaism, Talmud 'The mind of the Talmud' -- subject(s): History, Interpretation and construction, Jewish law, Talmud 'Jewish eating and identity through the ages'
Learning and teaching Torah is an important mitzva (command) in Judaism.
Judaism and Christianity.
Judaism doesn't have 2 sides. It has many many aspects.
N. R. M. De Lange has written: 'Judaism' -- subject(s): Judaism 'An introduction to Judaism' -- subject(s): Judaism 'The illustrated history of the Jewish people' -- subject(s): Civilization, Judaism, Jews, History 'Atlas of the Jewish world' -- subject(s): Historical geography, History, Jews, Judaism, Maps 'An introduction to Judaism' -- subject(s): Judaism 'Apocrypha' -- subject(s): Apocryphal books (Old Testament), Bible, Criticism, interpretation
Judaism and Catholicism are distinct religions and do not have any symbols that overlap in terms of both aspect and interpretation.
No, quite the opposite as many different interpretations have begun many different churches in Christianity - as well as Judaism.