Aristocrats.
Loyalists
Nobles
St. Peter was not born in Europe. He was born in the Middle East - Israel (aka Palestine). Pope St. Evaristus, the 5th pope, was from Bethlehem, not Europe. Pope St, Anicetus, the 11th popes, was a Syrian, not a European. While the majority of popes have been from Europe (especially Italy) there were a number of popes from the Middle East and even Africa.
The pope can be chosen from anywhere in the world. All recent popes have been from Europe but at least 4 popes have been from Africa and do not forget Peter. He was from the Middle East. Pope Francis of Argentina was elected pope in 2013 which is far removed from Europe.
We know of no church with three popes. No such animal.
The Catholic Church, through its agents, the popes, cardinals and bishops, would sell indulgences. This practice has ceased.
pope innocent the 3rd was considered the most powerful person in Europe at the time
I am not certain but I think the various popes of the Medieval time period converted just about all of Europe if it wasn't already converted before then.
Germany.
Popes do not elect popes. Popes are elected by the cardinal electors.
Trade between Europe and Asia grew. Crusaders brought ideas of Muslim thinkers to Europe. The power of the European kings grew at the expense of nobles, knights, and popes
Catholic AnswerProbably because the Popes have always been in Italy, and southern Europe has been a mainstay of the Catholic Church since very early on. Also, Protestantism made a lot of headway in the 16th century in northern Europe.
The only pope that we know was crucified was St. Peter. Many of the early popes were martyred but the method of martyrdom is not recorded. Others could have met their fate by crucifixion.