the most common cause would be a stuck closed thermostat.
Most common cause of surging is a dirty/clogged air filter.
The more you push on the accelerator the more you increase the fuel/air mixture to the engine which will cause the engine to turn more RPMs, thus propelling the vehicle at a faster speed.
NO it will not. Over revving engine, Rocker are adjusted to tight, Bad lifter. These are some common causes of that.
the oil pump in the oil pan is bad, or worn bad enough that it no longer can push enough oil
Excessive spark knock (aka, pre-ignition, pinging) can cause serious damage to the engine if not corrected.
it depends how hard you push
It is to be found in your imagination since push mowers have no engines.
That orange Dex Cool crap GM likes to push.
On an overhead cam engine, the lobes on the cam push the rocker arms which push the valves open.
Sure can, Quick A bent push rod will cause a loose rocker A loose rocker has no way to bend a push rod, there is no pressure.
Yes it is possible to push start a diesel engine vehicle.
if it runs fine until you push the gas pedal the accelerator pump may be bad if it has a carb on it.