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By water shortage I take it you mean potable/usable water, because water is always present on our Earth because it follows a continuous water cycle.

About 71% of the Earth is covered by water, of that,

97% of the worlds water is untreated saline water (oceans), the remaining 3% is freshwater. Of which only almost 1% is available for human use/consumption. The other 2% is trapped in glaciers/ice caps (and some is stored underground).

We already have in place emergency storages but they are only expected to last a very limited number of years. Water prices will soar as will demand, affecting economy and everyday life. Water will be a limited resource, maybe. (depending on our technologies and our careful consumption today, but arguably shortage is inevitable)

Already today, there are several ways in which water is being recycled, one example would be desalination plants; which process sea water by treating it with chemicals, there are several around the world but are criticized for being expensive to run, taking up lots of energy and removing sometimes specific minerals/elements (such as Flourine) that are beneficial for human consumption.

Our current ways of acquiring water from underground (and other traditional sources) are running out and not producing as much as needed fast enough due to our ever growing populations and water waste. But perhaps technology will save us. Like with the desalination plants unlocking the 97% of the previously unavailable water. This in turn however brings upon other detrimental effects, such as global warming from pollution created by such plants.

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Q: What will happen if water shortage is not controlled?
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