What will most likely happen to wastes containing nitrogen produced as a result of the breakdown of amigo acids whithin liver cells of a mammal?

What is lock and key?

Lock and Key is one of the theories behind how enzymes fit together with substrates and act as biological catalysts that speed up a reaction in the body. The enzyme usually allows this to happen at much lower temperatures than normal and whithin the range of the animals body. The lock and key refers to the tight specific fitting of the substrate with the enzyme so that specific enzymes can target specific substrates.

Is water vapor condensing on a glass exothermic or endothermic?

Steam itself is not endothermic or exothermic - only chemical reactions can be labelled as exothermic or endothermic the reaction whithin the steam can only be exothermic or endothermic

What is the structure of receptor proteins?

Receptors are plasma membrane proteins that bind specific molecules, e.g., growth factors, hormones, or neurotransmitters, and then transmit a signal to the cell's interior that causes the cell to respond ina aspecific manner, a process called signal transduction cascade.There are several types of receptor proteins grouped in families of transmembrane proteins. For some families of important membrane proteins, e.g., ion channel proteins, the hydropathy plots (those that help to predict the hydrophobic regions of a membrane protein according to its amino acid sequence and hydropathic index) is often not very reliable because that the membrane-spanning regions of these proteins from channels in the membrane while on the other hand they need hydrophilic residues to line the surface of the channels in contact with the aqueous phase. These are the most important and most well-known receptor-protein families:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases. Known as RPTKs, are type I transmembrane proteins, with their N-termini outside of the cell and single membrane-spanning regions. The structural features that are the transmembrane domain that divides the molecule into a ligand-binding domain and a cytoplasmic domain that contains a conserved protein kinase catalytic domain. On the outside, the N-terminal end, RPTK has a signal peptide that ensures that the protein will be targeted to the secretory pathway. This is followed by an extracellular domain of several hundred amino acids that contain N-linked glycosilation sites, a distintive pattern of cysteine residues, and often a characteristic array of structural motifs. The transmembrane domain consists of about 24 hydrophobic residues that are usually succeeded by several basic residues that function as a stop-transfer signal. On the cytoplasmic side of the membrane there is a juxtamembrane region, usually of around 50 residues long, and which in some cases is known to have important regulatory functions. Next follows the catalytic domain, which is related to the catalytic domains of the cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases and the protein-serine/threonine kinases, and is about 250 residues in length, excluding inserts. The phospho-transfer function lies entirely whithin this region. The region C-terminal to the catalytic domain is of variable length and can be up to 200 residues. The functions of this C-terminal tail vary among members of the RPTKs. Exmaples of this kind of receptors are: EGFR (Epidermial Growth Factor Receptor), PDGFR (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor), IR (Insulin Receptor), NGFR (Nerve Growth Factor Receptor), FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor), etc.G proteins. Several important physiological responses like vision, smell, and stress response produce large metabolic effects from a small number of input signals. The receptors for these signals have two things in common, first, they are transmembrane proteins with seven helices spanning the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, and second, the signals received by these receptors are amplified and the amplifiers are members of a common family of proteins called G proteins. Most G proteins are heterotrimers consisting of a one copy of alpha (45 kD), beta (35 kD), and gamma (7 kD) subunits. The alpha subunits have GTPase activity and slowly hydrolyze GTP to GDP and inorganic phosphate. The GTP-bound form of the protein is the active form and sends a signal from the receptor to some cellular effector protein. Examples of these kind of receptors are: beta-adrenergic receptor, rhodopsin, mast cell IgE receptor, and muscarinic receptor.

What is an fact about mitochondria?

Mitochondria hold DNA (likely because of evolutionary leftovers) and this DNA is directly inherited from the mother, meaning that it is an exact match to the mother's DNA. This type of DNA is used in forensics from time to time. Otherwise, mDNA serves no other purpose, and we likely won't even have it in a few million years. Even more interesting is the fact that Mitochondria contain DNA which is not ours! Put simply at some point in the distant past of human evolution; way in the past: at a point when we ourselves where very simple organisms. We formed an endosymbiotic relationship with a proto-bacteria for mutual benefit. This proto-bacteria - apparently related to the Rickettsia which still exits - then became permanent whithin every cell, providing energy but losing some independent features whilst retaining to this day it's own DNA. The Mitochondria have been described as "The Warp-Core of the cell" This is a more detailed explanation of what little is known about this fascinating yet generally unknown story of human development: That we are in fact a walking collection of symbiotic organisms!Mitochondria have many features in common with prokaryotes. As a result, they are believed to be originally derived from endosymbiotic prokaryotes. A mitochondrion contains DNA, which is organized as several copies of a single, circular chromosome. This mitochondrial chromosome contains genes for redox proteins such as those of the respiratory chain. The CoRR Hypothesis proposes that this Co-location is required for Redox Regulation. The mitochondrial genome also codes for some RNAs of ribosomes, and the twenty-two tRNA's necessary for the translation of messenger RNAs into protein. The circular structure is also found in prokaryotes, and the similarity is extended by the fact that mitochondrial DNA is organized with a variant genetic code similar to that of Proteobacteria.[36] This suggests that their ancestor, the so-called proto-mitochondrion, was a member of the Proteobacteria.[36] In particular, the proto-mitochondrion was probably related to the rickettsia.[37] However, the exact relationship of the ancestor of mitochondria to the alpha-proteobacteria and whether the mitochondria was formed at the same time or after the nucleus, remains controversial.[38] The ribosomes coded for by the mitochondrial DNA are similar to those from bacteria in size and structure.[39] They closely resemble the bacterial 70S ribosome and not the 80S cytoplasmic ribosomes which are coded for by nuclear DNA. The endosymbiotic relationship of mitochondria with their host cells was popularized by Lynn Margulis.[40] The endosymbiotic hypothesis suggests that mitochondria descended from bacteria that somehow survived endocytosis by another cell, and became incorporated into the cytoplasm. The ability of these bacteria to conduct respiration in host cells that had relied on glycolysis and fermentation would have provided a considerable evolutionary advantage. In a similar manner, host cells with symbiotic bacteria capable of photosynthesis would also have had an advantage. The incorporation of symbiotes would have increased the number of environments in which the cells could survive. This symbiotic relationship probably developed 1.7[41]-2[42] billion years ago. A few groups of unicellular eukaryotes lack mitochondria: the microsporidians, metamonads, and archamoebae.[43] These groups appear as the most primitive eukaryotes on phylogenetic trees constructed using rRNA information, suggesting that they appeared before the origin of mitochondria. However, this is now known to be an artifact of long-branch attraction - they are derived groups and retain genes or organelles derived from mitochondria (e.g., mitosomes and hydrogenosomes).[1]This is from Mitochondrian WIKIPEDIA

What will most likely happen to wastes containing nitrogen produced as a result of the breakdown of amigo acids whithin liver cells of a mammal?

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What is lock and key?

Is water vapor condensing on a glass exothermic or endothermic?

What is the structure of receptor proteins?

What is an fact about mitochondria?

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