This is called perihelion.
The Earth is not the closest planet to the sun and it is generally agreed it gets enough light. Neptune however gets a negligible amount of light from the sun, which at Neptune's distance just looks like a bright star.
If you mean "planet", Venus gets closer than any other planet. However, since the distance to the planets varies, both Mars and Mercury, can sometimes be closer than Venus.
Mercury's surface gets hotter than any other planet because it is closest to the sun.
It gets so hot because it is the closest planet to the sun.
It gets so hot because it is the closest planet to the sun.
Venus is closest to the Earths size and mass - often referred to as Earths sister or twin planet. Its also the planet that gets closest to Earth, the next one orbiting inside earths orbit.
They are all exposed to sun light; none of them is closed to the sun. However, from the distance of Neptune the sun is barely discernible from the other stars in the sky, and the dark half of Mercury gets extremely cold because its day is so very long.
Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, but is only the second hottest planet after Venus. Venus gets hotter as the thick carbon dioxide atmosphere holds the heat more effectively, while Mercury has no atmosphere to hold the heat.
The temperature of a planet varies with the distance from the sun because the sun is hot and the closer something is to the sun, the hotter the object gets. The further away the planet from the sun, the colder the planet.
The temperature of a planet varies with the distance from the sun because the sun is hot and the closer something is to the sun, the hotter the object gets. The further away the planet from the sun, the colder the planet.
The temperature of a planet varies with the distance from the sun because the sun is hot and the closer something is to the sun, the hotter the object gets. The further away the planet from the sun, the colder the planet.
The earth to sun distance varies over time, but on average it is 149,597,890km from the sun. The closest it gets is 147,098,290km (Perihelion) and the furthest it gets is 152,098,232km (Aphelion).