Circulation
A vein is a tube within the body that carries blood throughout the blood system. Most veins carry oxygen-depleted blood towards the heart and then carry the oxygenated blood away from the heart throughout the body.
The word you're looking for is "heart." The heart is a muscular organ that acts as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body.
Artery. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and lungs. Arteries carry oxygenated blood to all of the cells in the body.
artery
Yes, arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Cor is one Latin equivalent of 'heart'. The Latin word means 'heart' in the sense of 'the organ for pumping blood'. Animus is another Latin equivalent of 'heart'. It means 'heart' in the sense of 'courage, the seat of feeling'.
Cardiovascular is a word that refers to the heart and blood vessels that form the circulatory system.
The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. The word vascular, meaning relating to the blood vessels, is derived from the Latin vas, meaning vessel.
The word that means small vein is "venule." Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and transport it to larger veins. They play a crucial role in the circulatory system by facilitating the return of deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Usually arteries carry blood rich in oxygen to body cells. However, arteries do not always carry oxygen. The word artery is an anatomical term meaning vessels leaving from the heart.
Only the pulmonary vein will carry blood back to the heart from the lungs, but I'm unsure of "purified" blood. The lungs don't do any "cleansing" of the blood, so there's no real reason to call it purified. Perhaps the better word to use is "oxygenated."
Since you use the word small, these vessels are called venoules.