There are relatively few such words, mostly from French. They include:
heifer
nonpareil
...and one English pronunciation each of "peignoir" (pen-wah) and of "seiche" (sech) whose alternates have a more-common long A sound.
No, the word "might" does not have a long "I" sound. It has a short "I" sound, pronounced like "m-ite."
Most of these AI words have an unpronounced sound (just the letter) not a short E : as in certain (sur-tn) and curtain (kur-tn). This is similar to the schwa sound in mountain (moun-tən).Words that do have the short E are again (uh-gen) and against.
The EI pair has a long A (ay) sound, so that eight is pronounced the same as ate. The EI have this same sound in the words weigh (way) and weight (wait).
Yes, the word neighbor has a short "e" sound in the first syllable.
deceitconceiveleisurereceiptreceive
receipt
Yes, the "e" in eight is pronounced with a long "a" sound, like in the word "ate."
The short E is heard in many words where the E is between consonants: bed, get, left, men, neck, step, and tell. Most words that begin with E (other than EE or EI) have a short E. education egg enter excuse (However, the words effect, effective, emit, and emission have short I sounds in US pronunciation) The short E can also be produced by an EA pair or a UE pair, or other vowels. EA words - bread, deaf, death, health, sweat EI words - heifer, nonpareil UE words - guess, guest A words - many, can, says U words - bury AI words - said, again ("says" also has a short E sound)
The "long I" rule typically applies to words where the vowel is followed by a consonant and then another vowel (e.g., like in the word "time"). The word "height" does not follow this pattern as the "i" is followed by a combination of consonants ("gh").
No, "their" does not have a short e vowel sound. The word "their" is pronounced with the diphthong air sound.
eider, eiderdown, eidetic, eigenvalue, einsteinium feisty gesundheit height, heist kaleidoscope meitnerium neither (or long E) poltergeist seismograph, seismic, stein zeitgeist
The words include sleigh, weigh, neigh, neighbor eight, eighty, freight, weight, weighty inveigle, inveigh, deign, reign, feign, feint rein, seine, vein, veil, surveillance sheik